Transistors, the building blocks of modern electronics, are typically made of silicon. Because it’s a semiconductor, this material can control the flow of electricity in a circuit. But silicon has fundamental physical limits that restrict how compact and energy-efficient a transistor can be.

MIT researchers have now replaced silicon with a magnetic semiconductor, creating a magnetic transistor that could enable smaller, faster, and more energy-efficient circuits. The material’s magnetism strongly influences its electronic behavior, leading to more efficient control of the flow of electricity. 

The team used a novel magnetic material and an optimization process that reduces the material’s defects, which boosts the transistor’s performance.

The material’s unique magnetic properties also allow for transistors with built-in memory, which would simplify circuit design and unlock new applications for high-performance electronics.

“People have known about magnets for thousands of years, but there are very limited ways to incorporate magnetism into electronics. We have shown a new way to efficiently utilize magnetism that opens up a lot of possibilities for future applications and research,” says Chung-Tao Chou, an MIT graduate student in the departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) and Physics, and co-lead author of a paper on this advance.

Chou is joined on the paper by co-lead author Eugene Park, a graduate student in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering (DMSE); Julian Klein, a DMSE research scientist; Josep Ingla-Aynes, a postdoc in the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center; Jagadeesh S. Moodera, a senior research scientist in the Department of Physics; and senior authors Frances Ross, TDK Professor in DMSE; and Luqiao Liu, an associate professor in EECS, and a member of the Research Laboratory of Electronics; as well as others at the University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague. The paper appears today in Physical Review Letters.

Overcoming the limits

In an electronic device, silicon semiconductor transistors act like tiny light switches that turn a circuit on and off, or amplify weak signals in a communication system. They do this using a small input voltage.

But a fundamental physical limit of silicon semiconductors prevents a transistor from operating below a certain voltage, which hinders its energy efficiency.

To make more efficient electronics, researchers have spent decades working toward magnetic transistors that utilize electron spin to control the flow of electricity. Electron spin is a fundamental property that enables electrons to behave like tiny magnets.

So far, scientists have mostly been limited to using certain magnetic materials. These lack the favorable electronic properties of semiconductors, constraining device performance.

“In this work, we combine magnetism and semiconductor physics to realize useful spintronic devices,” Liu says.

The researchers replace the silicon in the surface layer of a transistor with chromium sulfur bromide, a two-dimensional material that acts as a magnetic semiconductor.

Due to the material’s structure, researchers can switch between two magnetic states very cleanly. This makes it ideal for use in a transistor that smoothly switches between “on” and “off.”

“One of the biggest challenges we faced was finding the right material. We tried many other materials that didn’t work,” Chou says.

They discovered that changing these magnetic states modifies the material’s electronic properties, enabling low-energy operation. And unlike many other 2D materials, chromium sulfur bromide remains stable in air.

To make a transistor, the researchers pattern electrodes onto a silicon substrate, then carefully align and transfer the 2D material on top. They use tape to pick up a tiny piece of material, only a few tens of nanometers thick, and place it onto the substrate.

“A lot of researchers will use solvents or glue to do the transfer, but transistors require a very clean surface. We eliminate all those risks by simplifying this step,” Chou says.

Leveraging magnetism

This lack of contamination enables their device to outperform existing magnetic transistors. Most others can only create a weak magnetic effect, changing the flow of current by a few percent or less. Their new transistor can switch or amplify the electric current by a factor of 10.

They use an external magnetic field to change the magnetic state of the material, switching the transistor using significantly less energy than would usually be required.

The material also allows them to control the magnetic states with electric current. This is important because engineers cannot apply magnetic fields to individual transistors in an electronic device. They need to control each one electrically.

The material’s magnetic properties could also enable transistors with built-in memory, simplifying the design of logic or memory circuits.

A typical memory device has a magnetic cell to store information and a transistor to read it out. Their method can combine both into one magnetic transistor.

“Now, not only are transistors turning on and off, they are also remembering information. And because we can switch the transistor with greater magnitude, the signal is much stronger so we can read out the information faster, and in a much more reliable way,” Liu says.

Building on this demonstration, the researchers plan to further study the use of electrical current to control the device. They are also working to make their method scalable so they can fabricate arrays of transistors.

This research was supported, in part, by the Semiconductor Research Corporation, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. Army Research Office, and the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports. The work was partially carried out at the MIT.nano facilities.

Most mornings this summer, Marina Milea arrived at the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research building ready to juggle several experiments at once. While one set of samples incubated, she stained mouse tissue sections for immunohistochemical analysis, prepared to run a Western Blot gel, and checked in on an organoid culture. 

All this work, and more, was part of learning the complex workflows behind studying how cancer evolves over time in the Jacks Lab at MIT. For the rising senior, who is majoring in biology at the City College of New York (CCNY), the pace was exactly what she had hoped to find through MIT's Bernard S. and Sophie G. Gould MIT Summer Research Program in Biology (BSG-MSRP-Bio).

"The techniques can be taught," she says. "The hardest part has been understanding the complex mouse and organoid models and why we're using them. Once you understand the biology behind the model, you can really interpret your results and think about how they might translate to human biology."

Milea is investigating how lung cancers driven by mutations in the KRAS gene become resistant to targeted therapies by transforming into a different subtype that is often harder to detect and treat, a phenomenon called adeno-to-squamous transition. By studying the signaling pathways and protein families that support this transition, researchers hope to identify new therapeutic targets for patients whose histologically-transformed cancers no longer respond to treatment.

"I wanted to do something that had translational aspects to it — to work on research that could potentially change how patients receive therapy," she says. "That's incredibly motivating as an undergraduate."

Building a foundation

Milea says CCNY has played an important role in helping her pursue research to build upon her strong academic foundation. Located in New York City, the university is uniquely positioned to foster collaborations with nearby institutions, connecting students with laboratory experiences across the city while serving a diverse student population that includes many first-generation and low-income students.

Milea's interest in biology began while attending high school in England, where students choose academic subjects early. Initially drawn to medicine, she pivoted to biomedical research after being diagnosed with an understudied health condition, sparking her curiosity about the mechanisms underlying disease.

Before coming to MIT, Milea gained research experience in several laboratories, most notably at Columbia University between the Azizi and McFaline-Figueroa labs.

"I went from having no cell culture experience to learning CRISPR techniques, T-cell engineering, and machine-learning approaches in a single summer," she says. "It was intense, but it gave me confidence that I could handle a research environment like MIT's."

Learning to think like a scientist

At MIT, Milea found herself in a laboratory that matched both her scientific interests and her desire for close mentorship, working with graduate student Carrie Rodriguez. 

"I could tell Carrie genuinely wanted to teach," she says. "She explains not just the protocols, but the biology behind them. By understanding why we're doing each experiment, I could contribute my own ideas."

As the weeks progressed, Rodriguez gradually entrusted Milea with carrying out more and more work independently.

"By the second month, I was running entire workflows on my own," Milea says. "I felt like I was really helping move the project forward."

Milea's willingness to learn and engage deeply with the science made her a valuable member of the lab. 

"Marina arrived in the lab with an outstanding attitude, ready to take full advantage of this opportunity. Over the course of the summer, she was able to learn a number of new techniques and, more importantly, dig deep into the biology of lung cancer. She was a wonderful addition to the lab," Tyler Jacks says.

Looking ahead

Outside the laboratory, faculty lectures, journal clubs, and conversations with researchers all play a part in broadening the scientific perspective of BSG-MSRP-Bio program students. A lecture by MIT Professor David C. Page, for example, whose work explores sex differences in health and disease, reinforced Milea's long-term goal of advancing research in women's health.

"He talked about pursuing scientific questions because you believe they're important, even if they're not yet considered priorities," she says. "That, in particular, resonated deeply with me."

Following graduation, Milea plans to pursue a PhD in biomedical sciences and hopes to build a career that combines research, teaching, and mentorship.

A program that values potential

Looking back, Milea hopes other students will feel confident pursuing opportunities that initially appear out of reach.

"A lot of people count themselves out without understanding what a program like this one is looking for," she says. "They value people who have original thinking and who can really contribute to the projects intellectually and practically."

Although the BSG-MSRP-Bio program is one of the country's premier undergraduate research programs, she believes its commitment to fostering students' potential is what makes it exceptional. 

"It's somehow the most competitive and the most open-access program there is in the country," she says. "You can be an international student, first-generation, low-income, or from a non-research-intensive university — but you still need to meet high expectations. It's somehow both, which is great."

For Milea, that's what makes the program unique.

"They have high expectations," she says, "but you can be anybody."

Carter Stubbs has been appointed MIT’s Institute auditor, effective Nov. 2. 

Stubbs, who currently serves as audit assistant director for IT Audit and Advisory Services, has been a member of the MIT community for more than 11 years and brings deep institutional knowledge, highly salient management experience, and a forward-looking vision to the role. Stubbs will succeed Michael Moody, who has served as Institute auditor for 12 years and will retire from MIT in October. 

Executive Vice President and Treasurer Glen Shor announced the news today in a letter to MIT’s Academic Council.

“Carter stood out in a competitive field of candidates thanks to his impressive audit and IT expertise, collaborative leadership style, and robust understanding of MIT’s complex operations,” Shor says. “He has earned the trust and admiration of colleagues inside and outside the division and is well-positioned to write its next chapter.”

As Institute auditor, Stubbs will lead a team of internal auditors responsible for independently evaluating MIT’s academic, research, and administrative processes, including operations at Lincoln Laboratory. He will oversee a comprehensive, risk-based audit and advisory program spanning financial, operational, compliance, and technology reviews across the Institute. 

The MIT Audit Division maintains a dual reporting structure to ensure its independence. Stubbs and the audit team work for the MIT Corporation Risk and Audit Committee, but receive administrative support from the MIT Office of the Executive Vice President and Treasurer.

“Carter’s strong technical command of IT auditing and hands-on experience auditing and advising on major systems implementations will be especially valuable as the Institute continues to advance its business and digital transformation roadmap,” says Pat Callahan, the chair of the Risk and Audit Committee. “The committee will be well-served by his experience with our current audit program, his demonstrated leadership and sound judgment, and his wide-ranging knowledge of the Institute.”

Stubbs joined MIT in 2015 as a senior auditor of information technology, steadily assuming increasing responsibility for information technology, data analytics, and advisory services. He now leads those functions for the Audit Division and serves on the division’s management team. Working closely with the Institute auditor, Stubbs shapes annual risk assessment work, audit planning, and broader division strategy while managing the oversight of complex engagements; contributing to quality assurance and advancing the division’s capabilities; and proactively responding to emerging institutional needs. Stubbs collaborates with leaders from across MIT’s academic, research, administrative, and technology units, including Lincoln Laboratory, and facilitates communications with Institute governance.

During his time at MIT, Stubbs has built an extensive network of partners and developed a multifaceted understanding of the Institute’s operating model, higher education and research risks, and the leadership judgment necessary to navigate complex institutional matters. He has helped steer cross-Institute efforts involving research data management, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and digital transformation. A graduate of the 2025 MIT Leader to Leader program, Stubbs served as an advisor to the MIT Working Group on Artificial Intelligence in Administration and Operations and is a member of the MIT Data Incident Response Team. 

“I am honored to serve as MIT’s next Institute auditor,” says Stubbs. “The Audit Division plays an essential role in advancing the Institute’s mission of education and research through independent insight, trusted partnership, and thoughtful perspective on risk. I look forward to building on the division’s strong foundation and helping the Institute navigate an increasingly complex regulatory and risk environment.”

Prior to joining MIT, Stubbs held audit roles at Clean Harbors Environmental Services, Denbury Resources, and PricewaterhouseCoopers, where he developed broad expertise in IT and business process controls across multiple industries. He holds certifications as both a certified internal auditor and certified information systems auditor and earned a BBA in information and operations management from Texas A&M University.

Using materials safe for human consumption, MIT researchers have created tiny batteries that could be used to power ingestible electronic devices. Such batteries could make the devices safer for patients and minimize the environmental impact of the batteries after they are excreted.

In a new study, the researchers showed that the batteries, which generate 1.84 volts, could power two different types of devices: an RFID tag that can transmit from the stomach, and a capsule that produces a small electrical current that stimulates production of ghrelin, the hunger hormone.

This type of battery, which contains electrodes made from magnesium and molybdenum trioxide, could also be deployed in other ingestible devices for sensing or therapeutic applications, the researchers say.

“For many of the systems we’re developing, we need power, and we power the system through different ways,” says Giovanni Traverso, a professor of mechanical engineering at MIT, a gastroenterologist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and an associate member of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. “Often, we use batteries, so the question here was: Could we develop a battery that was bioresorbable, and then apply that across a range of application areas?”

Traverso is the senior author of the paper, which appears today in Nature Chemical Engineering. Former MIT postdoc Mehmet Girayhan Say is the paper’s lead author.

Biocompatible batteries

Over the past decade, Traverso and his collaborators have developed ingestible capsules that can monitor vital signs, deliver a variety of drugs, and detect opioid overdoses.

Not all of these devices require a power source. For those that do, the researchers have powered the devices from an external source that wirelessly transmits power, harvested power from the GI tract, or used small coin batteries. However, those batteries, which usually contain lithium, silver oxide, or other metals, could pose a safety risk if the battery’s protective coating was damaged while traveling through the GI tract. 

To create a safer battery and allow the systems to be fully self-contained with no external power needed, the researchers turned to metals that can act as electrodes but are safe for human consumption in small amounts — magnesium and molybdenum trioxide. 

“Those materials are known to be relatively safe. That was the biggest driver, thinking about materials that can be tolerated by humans,” Traverso says.

The researchers used magnesium to create the battery’s anode and molybdenum trioxide for the cathode. The battery also contains an ionic liquid gel electrolyte, and the entire system is bioresorbable, meaning that it can be fully broken down and absorbed by the body. The researchers designed two different versions of the battery that could be used for different applications —a disc 7.5 millimeters in diameter and a rectangular bar 24 millimeters long.

To test how the batteries would behave in the GI tract, the researchers first exposed them to a highly acidic solution similar to gastric juice. They found that the batteries function normally for about three days, then their performance begins to slowly decline. Within a few weeks, they break down completely.

The researchers then incorporated the rectangular battery into a degradable device they first reported in 2023, which is designed to deliver a small electrical current to the lining of the stomach. In their earlier work, Traverso’s lab showed that this jolt could stimulate endocrine cells in the stomach to produce ghrelin.

Stimulating ghrelin secretion could prove useful for treating diseases that involve nausea or loss of appetite, such as cachexia (loss of body mass that can occur in patients with cancer or other chronic diseases).

The initial version of that device was powered by two silver oxide coin batteries, similar to those used in FDA-approved ingestible devices. By replacing those with the new magnesium-molybdenum oxide batteries, the researchers made nearly the entire device — with the exception of a printed circuit board — bioresorbable. Any components that aren’t absorbed can be passed through the GI tract and excreted.

In the new study, the researchers showed that new battery was strong enough to generate continuous electrical stimulation for up to three days. Tests in animals showed that 20 minutes of stimulation within the stomach could boost ghrelin levels by about 50 percent.

“What makes this work exciting is that we were able to show that a bioresorbable battery is not just a concept. It can actually power clinically relevant functions inside the gastrointestinal tract and then simply dissolve,” Say says.

Battery-powered communication

The researchers then incorporated the battery into a RFID device, which they designed to help patients adhere to their medication schedules. This capsule can transmit its location from within the GI tract via a bioresorbable RFID tag made from molybdenum and cellulose. 

An earlier RFID system, known as SAFARI and reported by Traverso’s lab in January, used passive RFID tags, powered by harvested energy, which limits the communication range. 

In the new study, tests in animals showed that RFID tags could be effectively powered by a disc-shaped bioresorbable battery. With the new battery, the device could transmit continuously from the GI tract, and with a longer range (up to 1.5 meters).

The researchers are now planning a clinical trial for the SAFARI system, which they expect will begin in about two years. Such systems could not only be safer for patients, but also would reduce the environmental impact of batteries that would eventually be excreted into the sewage system. 

“The benefits are twofold: one, the ability to be bioresorbable, but also the potential to minimize environmental impact because the materials will be degraded in the environment as well,” Traverso says.

The research was funded by Novo Nordisk, the Karl van Tassel Career Development Professorship, MIT’s Department of Mechanical Engineering, the Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Gastroenterology, and the U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H). 

As we age, some of the cells in our body enter a state of senescence, in which they stop dividing but do not die. Those senescent cells can contribute to age-related disorders such as cancer, tissue degeneration, and inflammatory diseases.

In an advance that could lead to better ways to diagnose and treat those diseases, MIT researchers have developed a noninvasive way to detect biomarkers of senescence. Their method is based on Raman microscopy, which can reveal the biochemical composition of cells without harming them.

By combining Raman microscopy with gene expression data at single-cell resolution from the same cells, the researchers were able to identify unique “barcodes” that can be used to quickly identify senescent cells. This study was done in mouse cells, but the researchers are now working on adapting it for use with human tissue.

“You can imagine that one day we may develop an endoscope that can look inside your body and identify cellular senescence,” says Jeon Woong Kang, an MIT research scientist and one of the senior authors of the study.

The research is part of a National Institutes of Health initiative called the Cellular Senescence Network, which is pursuing a deeper understanding of senescence in hopes of developing therapies that could combat some of the tissue-damaging effects of senescent cells.

Peter So, director of the MIT Laser Biomedical Research Center (LBCR) and an MIT professor of biological engineering and mechanical engineering, and Jian Shu, an assistant professor at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Harvard Medical School, and an associate member of the Broad Institute and Ragon Institute, are also senior authors of the paper, which appears today in Nature Aging. Lead authors of the paper are Ke Zhang, an instructor at MGH and Harvard Medical School; Xingjian Chen, a postdoc at MGH and Harvard Medical School; Francesco Monticolo, a postdoc at MGH and Harvard Medical School; and Salvatore Sorrentino, a postdoc at MIT. 

Characterizing senescence

Cell senescence is often triggered by DNA damage, which leads to an irreversible arrest of the cell cycle. These cells don’t die, but they undergo significant changes to their shape, metabolic processes, and gene expression profiles. 

The immune system is responsible for clearing out these “zombie cells,” but as people age, this process becomes less efficient. When senescent cells accumulate, they may contribute to sagging skin, muscle weakness, and chronic conditions such as osteoarthritis and type 2 diabetes.

Cellular senescence also has beneficial effects, playing critical roles in embryonic development and tissue regeneration.

“Senescence is not just a pathological condition,” So says. “The idea behind the NIH Cellular Senescence Network is to take a very comprehensive approach to understand senescence and identify senescent cells, because it plays a role in so many normal physiological conditions and many pathological conditions.”

Scientists have already identified a few biomarkers for senescence, including two proteins called p16 and p21, which are involved in halting the cell cycle. However, those proteins can only be identified using a process that ends up destroying the cells.

The MIT team wanted to find a way to noninvasively identify senescent cells using Raman microscopy. Unlike RNA-sequencing, which consumes the cells as it analyzes them, Raman microscopy is a nondestructive technique that reveals the chemical composition of tissues or cells by shining near-infrared or visible light on them.

In the new study, the researchers used Raman microscopy in conjunction with spatial RNA sequencing — a technique that reveals where genes are active within a tissue — to identify new markers of senescence. By combining these two techniques, they were able to generate a much broader picture of the distinctive features of senescent cells, including gene expression levels, spatial location, and other biochemical information.

“Our idea was to look at many different features to characterize senescence. That’s why we wanted to combine both single-cell gene expression and Raman microscopy, so that we can characterize the senescence from two complementary views,” Shu says.

Using both methods of analysis, the researchers examined skin and lung tissue from 2-month-old mice and 26-month-old mice.

One of the most dramatic changes seen in both lung and skin cells was an increase in lipid synthesis in older cells, along with accumulation of lipids. How this affects the physiology of the cells is not yet known, the researchers say.

The researchers also found some effects that were specific to each tissue. In senescent skin cells, they discovered that cellular pathways associated with muscle contraction and with remodeling of collagen and the extracellular matrix were significantly affected. And in aged lung tissue, they found increased activity of genes involved in immune activation and inflammation.

In future work, the researchers hope to study further what role these changes play in senescent cells. 

Identifying senescent cells

Using these data, the researchers were able to identify combinations of Raman peaks that correlate with senescence. These peaks, which represent specific chemical bonds, are linked to the presence of certain lipids, proteins, or other molecules.

“Combining the most important Raman features with the most important gene signatures, we were able to create a barcode that can help us to identify senescent cells in a more unbiased way,” Sorrentino says. “Using this barcode, we can focus on a few Raman bands that emerged as the most informative in this work.” Using these bands, it could be possible to identify senescent cells by looking for just those bands of the Raman spectrum. This could help to enable diagnostics that would detect cells that have become senescent. 

To help make that possible, the researchers are now working on a higher-speed version of their Raman imaging system. Currently, it takes about 30 hours to analyze a tissue sample about one square millimeter in size, but they hope to develop a system that can quickly pick out the Raman barcodes they identified from larger samples.

The research was funded by the National Institutes of Health and Massachusetts General Hospital. 

Warming temperatures are fueling more extreme weather-related events — catastrophic floods, severe hurricanes and cyclones, and wildfires exacerbated by drought. But the tools used by local communities, emergency and public safety agencies, and insurance and risk markets have not kept pace with the up-to-date data and modeling for accurately predicting how these events will evolve.

Addressing that shortcoming was one of five research areas selected for MIT’s 2022 Climate Grand Challenges, an ambitious effort to accelerate science-based solutions to climate problems. The area, titled “Preparing for a New World of Weather and Climate Extremes,” focuses on tools to help evaluate a location’s vulnerabilities to flooding, cyclones, humid heat waves, or other climate-related events.

Four years later, collaborations among more than 40 faculty and student researchers on Weather and Climate Extremes projects have yielded 29 published research papers and digital tools and datasets that are already in use or close to deployment. Individual projects cut across forecasting, risk assessment, on-the-ground planning, and resilient infrastructure.                                               

“Communities across the United States and around the world are already confronting the consequences of extreme weather,” says Evelyn Wang, MIT’s vice president for energy and climate, whose office has been funding and supporting all of the Grand Challenges since 2024. “Through the Climate Grand Challenges, an interdisciplinary team at MIT is advancing the science, technologies, and practical strategies needed to help communities anticipate these risks and build greater resilience.”

Reducing scientific uncertainties

Paul O’Gorman, the Robert R. Shrock Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at MIT and co-lead of Weather and Climate Extremes, is refining the science behind forecasting extreme weather events, such as last year’s major flooding events in Central Texas and in Pakistan. “There have been a lot of unprecedented, record-breaking events,” he says, “and we want to understand how they are changing as the climate warms, and how they’re changing in different regions.”

One aspect that his group has been examining is the relationship between extreme rainfall events and a warming climate. Climate models predict that extreme rainfall increases less in summer than other seasons in much of the United States and Europe. O’Gorman’s team found that these seasonal shifts stem from not only how much water is in the atmosphere, which is measured by specific humidity, but also how close it is to saturation, which is measured by relative humidity. “We found that changes in relative humidity played a big role, which was something that hadn’t been appreciated before, and something we need to take into account,” he says. 

Modeling is challenging: Relative humidity depends on air circulation, how fast land warms relative to the ocean, soil moisture, and vegetation. “It’s a complex story, but this helps us understand precipitation patterns,” O’Gorman says.

Kerry Emanuel, MIT professor of atmospheric science who was also a co-lead of Weather and Climate Extremes, is researching better ways to estimate the risks of extreme hurricanes and severe convective storms, such as thunderstorms and tornadoes. “For hurricanes, we’re pretty much there. We can reproduce the statistics of real hurricanes extremely well just using coarse-grained weather data that has no hurricanes in it,” he says. But for severe convective storms, “we’re not close to being there,” and these storms “in the last decade have cost more lives and more damage than hurricanes.” 

Research on the physics of storms is already influencing practice, Kerry notes. For example, a company called First Street uses Kerry’s methods to guide local governments, insurers, developers, and real-estate platforms on environmental risk for every piece of private property in the United States.

Improving resilience

Another phase of the Grand Challenge, led by Miho Mazereeuw, an associate professor in MIT’s Department of Architecture and a leading expert on resilient design, translates the information from scientific modeling and data collection into tools for on-the-ground planners. For example, working with leaders and community members in Boston and Broward County, Florida, the team has developed interactive web-based tools that make it easier to plan for impacts such as flooding over a broad range of scenarios.

“When an extreme event happens, there is a gap between scientific knowledge and actionable public information,” says Aditya Barve, a research scientist in Mazereeuw’s Urban Risk Lab. This happens at various levels — from getting real-time information out to people when they need it to collecting data to enable long-term planning to disseminating those plans to communities. “The idea is to target the gap through tools in community emergency data collection, proactive recovery planning, and AI-assisted tools for at-scale visualization of future climate impacts, so that communities are prepared when something happens.”

The team has worked on making flood modeling outputs usable by a wider range of stakeholders, especially where the need for specialized software or technical expertise can slow decision-making across city departments. “Users can ask practical questions, such as which schools are likely to stay driest across different flood scenarios, and receive answers grounded in flood models and city datasets within seconds,” Barve says.

As for recovery after extreme weather events, Mazereeuw points out that most municipalities have an emergency response plan, but few create a recovery plan that includes housing before the event. But, she says, if communities plan how recovery can lead to a better future for the city, they can better leverage emergency relief funding that becomes available. “In almost all cases, the resources available after a disaster are much larger,” she says. “By having a plan in place, those resources can fit the vision of the place moving forward.”

Optimizing energy infrastructure

Associate Professor Michael Howland is working to analyze the impacts of extreme weather on energy infrastructure with a team that includes Jessika Trancik, a professor in the MIT Institute of Data Systems and Society (IDSS), and Moshe Ben-Akiva, the Edmund K. Turner Professor in Civil Engineering at MIT. The team is particularly looking at impacts on the electrical power system and ways to optimize decisions on the placement and sizing of new energy infrastructure. 

Howland, who is the Jeffrey Cheah Career Development Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at MIT, says electrical power systems are increasingly being altered by two things at the same time: first, the proliferation of renewable energy and storage technologies, and second, large-scale changes in weather and extreme events driven by climate change. “Each of these would independently push our electrical power system potentially outside of what we are used to, and their combined, synergistic impacts could be even larger because they are occurring simultaneously,” he says.

Bringing climate modeling and grid-infrastructure work together has accelerated practical insights into how we can adapt to climate change while simultaneously mitigating it, Howland notes. Such modeling can also help to inform infrastructure decisions in ways that may not be obvious. For example, he says, their optimization model for the siting of power resources in Texas resulted in placing a number of wind power plants along the Gulf Coast. “If you look at an average wind speed map,” he says, “you would say this doesn’t make much sense because it’s really windy in northwest Texas on average, and much less windy along the Gulf Coast.”

But it turns out that the typical daily cycle of winds is complementary, so that wind farms distributed between both locations tend to smooth each other out and to better complement solar power generation, easing burdens on the grid. Now, “we’re trying to take it further not just by smoothing the generation, but actually aligning it with the time- and space-varying electricity demand so that we can reduce storage, transmission, and other backup generation needs,” he says.

This work is ongoing, and the hope is that it will lead to products that can directly help utility grid planners and regulators with actionable information about the siting and sizing of various electrical infrastructure resources, Howland says. “We want to continuously push on model realism and accuracy to eventually make it more of a practical and useful tool for grid planners.”

Emanuel adds that the Weather and Climate Extremes Grand Challenge, and other projects working to pinpoint the kinds of risks that can be expected from a changing climate, have produced a great deal of specific and detailed information that could guide political, economic, and civic decision-making. Applying it in the real world can be a slow — “like steering a supertanker,” he says — but progress will come.

As it marks its 10-year anniversary, MIT Reads is being reimagined for the age of artificial intelligence. 

Recognizing the need to foster social connection and a sense of our shared humanity, the popular MIT Libraries’ program will turn its focus to fiction and memoir, and to the particular power of stories to help us understand ourselves and our place in the world. 

“At MIT, we spend a great deal of time on imagining and building for the future. Reading fiction prompts us to think about how what we build might change us,” says MIT Libraries Director Chris Bourg. “Reading together also gives us the increasingly rare opportunity for both individual reflection and shared connection.” 

MIT Reads is also evolving with MIT as it explores AI’s influence on the education landscape and the social fabric of the Institute. The value of collective reading, reflection, and discussion has never been more relevant. 

A recently released report from MIT’s Ad Hoc Committee on AI Use in Teaching, Learning, and Research Training urges strengthening social connection and personal well-being, citing MIT Reads as a way to “engage many more people across campus in conversation about shared norms and why community matters.” 

Launched in 2016, MIT Reads was designed to foster empathy, understanding, and belonging within the campus community. Each selected book is accompanied by programming such as talks by the featured author, panel discussions, and small-group conversations facilitated by library staff. 

The program’s reach extends well beyond MIT. Most author events are open to the public and streamed online, and videos of MIT Reads talks have been viewed more than 5,000 times.

To mark this new era of MIT Reads, President Sally Kornbluth has selected the fall 2026 book “Exhalation,” by Ted Chiang. “Exhalation” is a bestselling collection of short stories, named one of The New York Times’ best books of 2019. In it, Chiang creates thought-provoking science fiction scenarios involving robots, time travel, and alternate universes, while exploring timely issues of identity, free will, language, and the impacts of technology. 

“With the stories in his 2019 ‘Exhalation’ collection, Ted Chiang offered an uncanny preview of many issues we’re grappling with now concerning technology, particularly the relationship between humans and artificial intelligence,” says Kornbluth. “He raises deep questions about the future that humans and machines will share and offers provocative ideas and possibilities. I’m delighted that MIT Reads will give us the opportunity to explore his work together.”

“MIT is not alone in grappling with these big questions around technology and its relationship with humanity,” adds Bourg. “These questions call for a much wider discussion, and we invite readers everywhere to join us.”

In addition to its discussion as part of MIT Reads, students in the first-year advising seminar 21.A01 (Reading Great Books with Compass) will be reading “Exhalation” this fall; the class is part of the Compass initiative designed by faculty from across the School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences and supported by the MIT Human Insight Collaborative.

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most pressing global health and development challenges of our time. Bacteria and other pathogens are rapidly developing resistance to existing treatments, making infections harder to treat. Without new approaches, minor inconveniences today, such as routine surgeries or even a paper cut, could become life-threatening tomorrow. 

Now, an international group of scientists reports the discovery of aminovaleramididine synthetase (AvaS), the first identified pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme responsible for producing a chemical modification linked to how bacteria respond to metabolic stress. This discovery sheds new light on how bacteria use RNA modification to control protein production, opening new avenues to study bacterial adaptation and identify future targets and better strategies for developing antimicrobial therapeutics. 

The work was led by researchers from the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology’s Antimicrobial Resistance interdisciplinary research group (SMART AMR), alongside collaborators from MIT, Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, and institutions in the United States, Poland, and France.

“While many RNA modifications have been known for decades, researchers are still uncovering the full extent of their roles. The discovery of AvaS opens a previously unknown chapter in RNA biology and is an important step forward in our understanding of processes relevant to antimicrobial resistance,” says Professor Peter Dedon, co-lead principal investigator at SMART AMR, professor of biological engineering at MIT, and co-corresponding author of a new paper on the work. “As we continue to map the RNA modification landscape, we expect many more discoveries with meaningful implications for infectious disease, antimicrobial resistance, and fundamental biology.”

Bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics using various strategies, many of which depend on the bacteria’s ability to regulate which proteins are made, when they are made, and how accurately they are produced — whether by pumping drugs out of their cell, creating enzymes that break down drugs, or developing new cell processes to avoid the antibiotics’ target.

To build these proteins, bacteria rely on RNA molecules to read genetic instructions and direct protein production. Among these RNA molecules are transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNAs), a specialized class of RNA that acts as molecular delivery vehicles bringing chemical “stickers” to help bacteria control how proteins are made in response to stress and changing conditions such as exposure to antibiotics.

In the open-access paper, “Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent biosynthesis of aminovaleramide by AvaS in tRNA,” published Sept. 9 in Nature Chemical Biology, the researchers described their discovery of the new enzyme and identified it as being responsible for creating a tRNA chemical modification known as aminovaleramide cytidine (ava2C) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a harmful bacterium responsible for a range of serious human infections such as pneumonia and sepsis. While ava2C had previously been detected in several bacteria and plants, the enzyme responsible for producing this modification was previously unknown.

Using SMART AMR’s high-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based RNA modification profiling platform, the team systematically screened thousands of P. aeruginosa mutants and discovered AvaS. The researchers also confirmed the presence of ava2C in other organisms, including the bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii and Vibrio cholerae, as well as the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.

The research revealed that AvaS uses PLP, a vitamin B6 derivative, to convert a known modification, lysidine (k2C), into ava2C; marking the first time that a PLP-dependent enzyme has been linked to tRNA modification. Traditionally, PLP-dependent enzymes have only been associated with amino acid metabolism and related biochemical pathways. 

The research findings revealed a few important insights about PLP-dependent enzymes. First, the discovery establishes PLP-dependent enzymes as a previously unrecognized class of tRNA-modifying enzymes, expanding the known chemical mechanisms, such as methylation, thiolation, and isomerisation, that bacteria use to regulate protein production. Second, it reveals an entirely new biological function of PLP-dependent enzymes, demonstrating that they can directly modify tRNA in addition to their well-established roles in metabolic processes.

The research also found that ava2C changes how bacteria read genetic codes, enabling the bacteria to produce protein faster and more efficiently while helping them adapt to metabolic and oxidative stress.

“Our discovery has revealed, for the first time, that PLP-dependent enzymes can directly modify tRNA, expanding our knowledge and understanding of RNA-modifying chemistry,” says Jingjing Sun, research scientist at SMART AMR, first author, and co-corresponding author of the paper. “This opens up new avenues for studying bacterial adaptation and developing new and more effective strategies to overcome drug-resistant bacteria.”

Building on this discovery, the SMART AMR team plans to investigate how ava2C affects bacterial stress responses and metabolism and explore how the modification can be disrupted or prevented. Understanding this process could uncover new ways to fight harmful bacteria and develop future antimicrobial therapeutics. With ava2C also being observed in plants, future studies could explore whether other living organisms use similar biological tools to produce certain chemical modifications and how ava2C influences the way proteins are built beyond bacteria.

More broadly, this work highlights the strength of SMART AMR’s first-of-its-kind epitranscriptomics platform as a powerful engine in discovering more unknown RNA-modifying enzymes at scale. This capability could also support biotechnology and pharmaceutical researchers in finding new drug targets and developing better treatments, particularly as bacteria continue to develop resistance against existing drug treatments.

The research conducted at SMART is supported by the National Research Foundation Singapore under its Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise program.

When Lanie McKinney was 3 years old, her parents stopped at a massive meteor crater during a road trip through the U.S. Southwest. As they prepared to leave, McKinney began to protest.

“I want to wait here for the next one,” she told them.

She didn’t yet understand that another meteor wasn’t likely to land in exactly the same spot. But the story, which her parents still tell, captures a fascination that has remained with McKinney throughout her life.

“I just always remember being captivated by space and what is out there,” she says.

Today, McKinney is entering her fifth year as a PhD candidate at MIT, where she works in the Aerospace Plasma Group with Esther and Harold E. Edgerton Associate Professor Carmen Guerra-Garcia. McKinney’s research focuses on developing technologies that could help humans explore Mars.

One of the challenges of sending humans to the Red Planet is figuring out how to supply them once they arrive — including how to enable their journey back home. Rather than transporting everything from Earth, McKinney is interested in using the resources already available on the planet, a concept known as in-situ resource utilization, or ISRU.

“If we don’t build gas stations on Mars, it will be very difficult to get humans back to Earth,” she says. “We’re going to need some way to produce the propellant on site.”

McKinney’s research uses cold plasma to convert carbon dioxide, which is abundant in the martian atmosphere, into oxygen and carbon monoxide, a technology that could eventually be used to produce life support and propellant on Mars. 

An Oklahoma native, McKinney earned her bachelor’s at the University of Tulsa, where she studied physics and applied mathematics. She had initially expected to pursue astrophysics, but a summer research internship at the University of Colorado at Boulder introduced her to plasma physics through a project involving dusty plasmas in the lunar environment. 

“I thought it was an incredibly interesting problem,” she says. 

At MIT, McKinney has developed a small reactor that can convert carbon dioxide into oxygen and other products. The challenge now is separating out the oxygen before it recombines.

“We can actually perform the conversion step really well,” she says. “But what happens in a plasma is we convert it, and then we get a mixture that needs to be separated.”

Her current work pairs the plasma reactor with an oxygen-selective membrane designed to extract oxygen rapidly. The integration process isn’t well-understood, leaving McKinney and her colleagues with questions about how the reactive plasma environment will affect the membrane.

“We are not entirely sure what we will see,” she says.

For McKinney, the possibility of connecting laboratory experiments to future human missions is what makes the work particularly rewarding.

“I get to work in a really cool lab and develop exciting experiments,” she says. “I get ownership over an entire experimental system, and then I get to connect that to performance requirements for a future Mars system. That’s just the dream.” 

That same philosophy has shaped McKinney’s work beyond her thesis. Through MIT’s Space Resources Workshop, she has participated in NASA competitions focused on sustaining humans in space. Her first competition involved designing a self-sustaining Mars mission for 10 years.

“I had no clue what was going on,” she says. “I  didn’t know anything about space systems. So, my mentality was, let me jump in and learn.”

She later co-led MIT’s CERBERUZ team for NASA’s LunaRecycle Challenge, which asked teams to develop ways to recycle waste on missions to the moon and deep space. The MIT team recently won first prize in Phase 2, receiving $775,000 in awards for a system that grinds mixed trash into powder that can be reused via injection molding to make spare parts and 3D-printing filament. 

Another project McKinney enjoyed brought together engineers and architects through MAS.S66/4.154/16.89 (Space Architecture) to tackle a different problem: how to protect lunar habitats from radiation using only resources available on the moon. The students’ solution was to produce cast bricks from lunar regolith that could be stacked without mortar or another binder. For McKinney, the project demonstrated the value of bringing together people with different expertise.

“The kinds of innovative solutions that can be discovered when you work on a team that brings together different expertise and experiences was one of the project’s major takeaways,” she says.

The experience reflects a broader lesson McKinney has taken from MIT: Research may involve focused individual work, but solving the problems of human space exploration will require collaborations across disciplines.

“I feel like I have learned so much from being a part of these different teams,” she says. 

McKinney sees that collaboration as essential to the future she hopes to help build. Reaching the Moon and Mars is only the first step: “What comes next is building up a permanent presence so that we can do amazing science and be really effective at exploration,” she says.

McKinney’s fascination with exploration extends beyond her research. She is an avid hiker and mountaineer, having grown up hiking with her family in the Rockies. She recently completed a mountaineering course in Alaska and summited Mount Baker in the Cascade Range. She sees a connection between those adventures and the curiosity that first drew her to space.

“I love to explore and go on adventures,” she says. “And space is the ultimate thing you could explore.”

That curiosity has also shaped how McKinney approaches her work. When she arrived at MIT from the University of Tulsa, she initially felt intimidated.

“I thought that it was a fluke that I’d gotten in,” she says. “I was very nervous that I was not going to measure up to the environment.”

Over time, she learned to approach unfamiliar problems by asking questions and committing fully to whatever interested her.

“If something interests you, try it and go all in,” she says.

In 2026, five faculty were granted tenure in the MIT School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences.

Volha Charnysh is an associate professor in the Department of Political Science. She studies the role of identity in state-building and economic development and the effects of violence. Her first book, “Uprooted: How post-WWII Population Transfers Remade Europe” (Cambridge University Press, 2024), focuses on the enduring consequences of mass displacement and resulting cultural heterogeneity. She received her PhD from Harvard University in 2017 and joined the MIT faculty in 2018.

Grisha Coleman is a full professor in the Music and Theater Arts Section. Her research explores tensions between our physiological, technological, and ecological systems; human movement, our machines, and the places we inhabit. Her practice engages an interdisciplinary approach to these explorations. She earned an MFA in music composition and integrated media from California Institute of the Arts. She joined the MIT faculty in 2026.

Tung-Hui Hu is an associate professor in the Comparative Media Studies/Writing program. A poet and a scholar of digital media, he is the author of five books, most recently “Digital Lethargy: Dispatches from an Age of Disconnection” (MIT Press, 2022), “A Prehistory of the Cloud” (MIT Press, 2015), and “Greenhouses, Lighthouses” (Copper Canyon Press, 2013). Hu is interested in how concepts such as race and normal language became measurable, governable objects in the form of datasets. He earned a BA in comparative literature from Princeton University, an MFA in creative writing from the University of Michigan, and a PhD in film studies from the University of California at Berkeley. He joined the MIT faculty in 2026. 

Tobias Salz is an associate professor in the Department of Economics. He works in the field of industrial organization and studies how digital platforms and other intermediaries shape competition and market outcomes. The applications of his research span digital markets, transportation, and artificial intelligence, and often combine economic theory with novel data and field experiments. His recent work examines market power in web search, personalized platform pricing, and how human experts and AI can work together in medical diagnosis. He received his PhD in economics from New York University in 2016 and joined the MIT faculty in 2019.

Christian Wolf is an associate professor in the Department of Economics. His research is primarily concerned with the question of how monetary and fiscal policy can be used to stabilize the economy. A key aim of his work is to learn as much as possible about such stabilization policy directly from micro- and macroeconomic data, rather than through reliance on structural models. Wolf joined the MIT faculty in 2021 after earning his PhD in economics from Princeton University.

Each year, faculty and researchers across the MIT School of Engineering are recognized with prestigious awards for their contributions to research, technology, society, and education. To celebrate these achievements, the school periodically highlights select honors received by members of its departments, institutes, labs, and centers. The following individuals were recognized in spring 2026:

Faez Ahmed, the Esther and Harold E. Edgerton Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, received a 2025 Air Force Office of Scientific Research Young Investigator Program Award. The award provides early-career U.S. scientists and engineers with up to $450,000 over three years to support innovative research.

Navid Azizan, the Alfred Henry (1929) and Jean Morrison Hayes Career Development Professor and an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, has received a National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award. The Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program is a foundation-wide activity that offers the NSF’s most prestigious awards in support of early-career faculty who have the potential to serve as academic role models in research and education and to lead advances in the mission of their department or organization.

Yet-Ming Chiang, the Kyocera Professor of Materials Science and Engineering in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, was named a Boston Globe Tech Power Player 2026. The annual list highlights the impact of local leaders on technology and business.

Samantha Coday, an assistant professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, received a 2025 ARPA-E IGNIITE Award. The award aims to support early-career innovators seeking to convert disruptive and unconventional ideas into impactful new technologies across the full spectrum of energy applications.

Srini Devadas, the Edwin Sibley Webster Professor and a professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, received the 2026 ACM-IEEE CS Eckert-Mauchly Award, which recognizes contributions to computer and digital systems architecture.

Joel Emer, professor of the practice in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, received the 2026 ACM SIGARCH/IEEE TCCA Influential Paper Award. This award recognizes the paper from the ISCA Proceedings 20 years earlier that has had the most impact on the field (in terms of research, development, products, or ideas) during the intervening years.

Chuchu Fan, an associate professor in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, received the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Early Academic Career Award in Robotics and Automation. The award recognizes academics who have made an identifiable contribution or contributions that have had a major impact on the robotics and/or automation fields.

Yoel Fink, the Danae and Vasilis (1961) Salapatas Professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, received the American Physical Society Andrei Sakharov Prize, which recognizes outstanding leadership and achievements of scientists in upholding human rights.

Aristide Gumyusenge, an assistant professor the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, received the 2026 Early Investigator Award from the American Chemical Society's Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering Division. Honorees are chosen from early-career emerging leaders who have made significant contributions in their respective fields within polymer materials science and engineering.

Paula Hammond, dean of the School of Engineering and an Institute Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering, received the AIChE 2026 John M. Prausnitz Institute Lecture Award. The Prausnitz AIChE Institute Lectureship is awarded to a distinguished member of AIChE who has made significant contributions to chemical engineering in their field of specialization.

Robert Langer, the David H. Koch (1962) Institute Professor in the departments of Biological Engineering (BE) and Chemical Engineering, received the 2026 Robert A. Welch Award in Chemistry from the Welch Foundation. This prestigious prize recognizes important research contributions that have had a significant and positive impact on humankind.

Gareth McKinley, the School of Engineering Professor of Teaching Innovation and a professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. Awardees are recognized by their peers for their outstanding contributions to research in the natural and social sciences.

Farnaz Niroui, Robert J. Shillman (1974) Career Development Professor in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and an associate professor, received the Rising Star of Microsystems Award from the Transducer Research Foundation, which is intended to highlight the next generation of innovators shaping the future of microsystems, microfabrication, MEMS, micro/nanomanufacturing, and closely related fields.

Tomás Palacios, the Clarence J. LeBel Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, received the 2026 Quantum Devices Award from the International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors for significant advancements in wide bandgap semiconductors and nanostructures to improve electronics and pave the way for heterogeneous integration with silicon CMOS.

Ritu Raman, the Eugene Bell Career Development Professor of Tissue Engineering and an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, received a Grainger Foundation Frontiers of Engineering Grant from the National Academy of Engineering. The grants provide seed funding for participants at U.S.-based institutions to support further pursuit of new interdisciplinary research and projects stimulated by interactions at the U.S. Frontiers of Engineering symposium.

Lindsey Raymond, an assistant professor in the departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and of Economics, was named a 2025 Early Career Fellow by Schmidt Sciences AI2050. AI2050 issues awards to enable and encourage bold and ambitious research, often multidisciplinary, that is typically hard to fund but socially beneficial. Awards are given for exceptional work tackling one or multiple items from a working list of hard problems.

Daniela Rus, the Panasonic Professor and a professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, received the 2026 High-Tech Prize of the Bavarian Minister-President. This prize is the most highly endowed award for technology and engineering in Germany.

Afreen Siddiqi, a research scientist in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, received a 2026 Guggenheim Fellowship. Working across 55 disciplines, the fellows were selected from almost 5,000 applicants for “prior career achievement and exceptional promise.”

Vincent Sitzmann, an associate professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, received both a CAREER Award from the National Science Foundation and the Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI) Young Researcher Award from the IEEE Computer Society. The PAMI Young Researcher Award is given to a researcher within seven years of completing their PhD for outstanding early career research contributions.

Loza Tadesse, the Latham Family Career Development Professor and an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, was named to Chemical & Engineering News’ 2026 Talented 12. This annual list recognizes early-career researchers who are rising stars in chemistry, selected for their innovative work and growing impact in the field.

Kripa Varanasi, the Maher A. Elmasri Professor of Mechanical Engineering, accepted a United Nations World Intellectual Property Organization Global Award on behalf of his startup, AgZen. The award recognizes the company’s efficient agrochemical spraying patent portfolio.

At a moment when global alliances are shifting, technological change is accelerating, and the boundaries between science and geopolitics are dissolving, understanding the world demands new ways of thinking. 

For 75 years, the MIT Center for International Studies (CIS) has helped meet that challenge — bringing together engineers, social scientists, and policy practitioners to confront the most pressing global challenges of their time. From developing the foundations of modern international security to redefining how the United States engages with the world, CIS has not only studied global affairs, it has helped shape them. 

What distinguishes CIS is not just the scope of its work, but the way it approaches it. 

At MIT, international studies does not sit apart from science and technology, it is embedded within it. This proximity has enabled generations of scholars to tackle geopolitical problems with tools and perspectives rarely found in traditional academic and policy environments. 

“Being situated within the world’s leading technical institution enables a lot of exciting possibilities,” says Evan Lieberman, the director of CIS and the Total Professor of Political Science and Contemporary Africa. “We focus on critical problems in international development and security — always with an eye towards the challenges and opportunities presented by technological change. Beyond that, a big part of our mission is to provide global perspectives and engagement avenues relevant to scientists and engineers.” 

Established during the dawn of the Cold War, CIS pioneered a new understanding of global power: that science, technology, and geopolitics were becoming deeply intertwined. From the beginning, it convened faculty across disciplines — economics, political science, engineering, and beyond — setting a template that has since become a model for institutions around the world. Over the decades, this approach has produced an outsized impact. 

In 1961, a memorandum to President John F. Kennedy from MIT economist Max Millikan — the inaugural director of CIS — helped inspire the creation of the Peace Corps, fundamentally reshaping how the United States engages in global development. 

CIS scholars such as Lincoln Bloomfield and William “Bill” Kaufman played a central role in establishing security studies as a rigorous academic field in the late 1950s. Less than two decades later, Jack Ruina and George Rathjens founded the center’s Arms Control and Defense Policy Program (now known as the MIT Security Studies Program), which has influenced generations of policymakers and trained generations of scholars.

The study of modernization and political development has also long been central to the work of the center, with notable luminaries such as Lucian Pye and Myron Weiner helping to lead the way. 

A legacy of global exchange 

At the same time, CIS has reshaped how knowledge flows across borders. The MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI), launched in 1983 by Institute Professor Suzanne Berger, has sent thousands of MIT students abroad to work, study, and conduct research alongside international partners — experiences that extend far beyond traditional study abroad. In doing so, it helped change longstanding assumptions about the United States’ role in the world, demonstrating that learning is most powerful when it is reciprocal. 

That ethos of mutual exchange continues to define CIS today. Through initiatives such as the Global Seed Funds, MIT faculty, researchers, and their students collaborate with academic partners around the world to advance shared research agendas. 

The connection between these initiatives can be traced to Richard Samuels, Ford International Professor of Political Science and director of CIS from 2000 until 2023. His creation of the MIT-Japan Program in 1981 served as the model for MISTI. He was also the visionary behind the launch of the Global Seed Funds in 2008. 

Together, these programs reflect a consistent vision: that the strongest ideas emerge through sustained engagement with partners around the world. 

Expertise in action 

Drawing on deep regional expertise, CIS also serves as a platform for global engagement across MIT, mobilizing cross-disciplinary knowledge to respond to unfolding international crises and inform both scholarly and policy debates. 

Its MIT-MENA Program, led by Richard Nielsen, associate professor of political science, recently convened experts to assess the energy and security implications of disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz; the MIT-Ukraine Program, under the direction of Elizabeth Wood, Ford International Professor of History, brings together scientific, technical, and academic expertise to design sustainable solutions for a nation at war; and the MIT-China Program, directed by Yasheng Huang, professor of global economics and management at the MIT Sloan School of Management, is creating a hub for scholars and policy experts focused on balancing the Institute’s engagement with China. 

Scholarship that shapes security 

For decades, the MIT Security Studies Program, directed since 2019 by Taylor Fravel, the Arthur and Ruth Sloan Professor of Political Science, has been a leading incubator of ideas that have shaped debates on grand strategy, nuclear policy, civil conflict and Asian security. Its affiliated scholars, fellows, and graduate students have produced policy relevant research that continues to inform policymakers grappling with an increasingly complex international security challenges. 

Building on that legacy, SSP recently established the Center for Nuclear Security Policy (CNSP) — made possible by a $45 million gift from the Stanton Foundation. Directed by Vipin Narang, the Frank Stanton Professor of Nuclear Security and Political Science, the CNSP aims to expand MIT’s leadership in addressing one of the most urgent challenges of our time: managing the risks posed by nuclear weapons in a rapidly evolving and uncertain geopolitical environment. 

Another cornerstone of CIS’s security work is Seminar XXI, currently led by Kelly Greenhill, who holds faculty appointments at MIT and Tufts University. The annual, nine-month program brings together rising leaders from across the U.S. government, military, and national security community. In three decades, more than 2,500 participants have engaged deeply with issues such as nationalism, technological disruption, and global conflict — developing new frameworks for decision-making in high-stakes environments. 

Advancing research, expanding dialogue beyond its anchor programs, CIS continues to invest in the next generation of scholars and practitioners. Undergraduate research initiatives, postdoctoral fellowships, and visiting scholar programs — including the Robert E Wilhelm Fellowship — create space for emerging and established leaders to explore critical questions, from governance and corruption to political reform and social change. 

It also prioritizes policy-relevant research by supporting conferences, workshops, labs, and research initiatives on key problems in international affairs. 

Finally, CIS plays a vital role in connecting MIT to the broader world. Through public events like the Starr Forum, the center brings leading global voices to campus, fostering dialogue on issues that shape international politics and policy. 

The next 75 years 

As CIS looks to the future, its mission is evolving to meet a dramatically changing global landscape. 

“The moment we’re in now is so different from the Cold War era,” says Lieberman. “We’re seeing a much more complex global system, with new actors and new kinds of challenges.” 

In what Lieberman describes as CIS 2.0, the center is sharpening its focus on the forces that will define the coming decades. This includes the geopolitical implications of artificial intelligence, the future of global cooperation in an era of climate crisis, and the evolving role of the United States within an increasingly contested international order. 

Addressing these challenges will require exactly the kind of interdisciplinary, globally engaged approach that has defined CIS for the past 75 years. It will also require a renewed commitment to collaboration — across fields, across institutions, and across countries. 

“A key source of our value added is to convene complementary sources of expertise,” Lieberman says. “It’s about bringing people together who might not otherwise be in the same room, and asking how we can have the greatest possible impact.” 

Seventy-five years after its founding, CIS remains guided by a simple but powerful idea: that understanding the world — and improving it — demands more than any single discipline, perspective, or nation can offer alone.

The CIS’s 75th anniversary symposium, taking place Oct. 15-16, will explore the defining challenges of today with leading thinkers.

Nearly 170 interns recently dispersed from MIT Lincoln Laboratory to return to their undergraduate or advanced degree programs. For Anna Raymaker and Vivek Jagadeesh, however, the work is just getting started. They are among more than two dozen interns staying on as student technical assistants, continuing to support the laboratory's national security research during the 2026-27 academic year.

"Our summer research program is a key pathway for developing talent to support defense-critical programs," says Robert Loynd, executive officer in the Director's Office. "Interns are embedded in R&D teams across nearly all mission areas, from missile defense and cyber operations to advanced communications and quantum technologies."

In 2026, the laboratory's intern program was named to Yello and WayUp's Top 100 Internship Program list and received the organizations' Public Service Award. This award recognizes programs that demonstrate exceptional commitment to meaningful intern engagement that benefits the public good. 

Anna Raymaker: Securing maritime infrastructure

Anna Raymaker found her bearings when she began researching maritime security. Four years ago, the PhD student at Georgia Tech had just started her cybersecurity studies, but hadn't yet settled on a focus area. When her advisor offered a project building a boat test bed, the Florida native was hooked.

As she began presenting her test bed research at academic cybersecurity conferences, she noticed a gap: "No one was really looking at shipping security," she says. That realization led her to speak directly with mariners to learn about the cybersecurity issues they faced.

One issue mariners repeatedly raised was the security of the Automatic Identification System (AIS), a device that helps ships avoid collisions by broadcasting their location, speed, and course. International regulations require all ships over 300 gross tons — such as cargo, tanker, and cruise ships — to transmit their identity via AIS at all times. 

"Mariners told me that AIS is their source of truth, so it was very scary when they experienced it being manipulated in the wild," Raymaker says. For example, so-called "ghost fleets" could use AIS to disguise themselves as other vessel types to evade sanctions. Such deception is possible because AIS does not require identity verification.

This summer, Raymaker examined AIS security firsthand at Lincoln Laboratory. Her goal was to analyze the trust assumptions built into the system and identify where those assumptions could be exploited. Her research revealed several methods of interfering with AIS, including radio-based "spoofing," in which false messages can appear to come from a legitimate device. Spoofed messages could, for instance, instruct ships to switch transmission channels or report a fake vessel position, potentially causing ships to change course. Working with her Lincoln Laboratory advisor, Hamed Okhravi, she then explored defenses against these false signals.

"Recent events have demonstrated that AIS security is not merely a theoretical concern, as manipulation or spoofing of maritime positioning data can directly affect navigation, safety, and global shipping. Anna's work directly contributes to understanding and mitigating these emerging risks," Okhravi says. "She built a new experimental test bed from scratch, conducted detailed experiments, analyzed the results, and helped turn the work into a publication, demonstrating excellent hands-on technical and research skills."

Raymaker says she has been both surprised and encouraged by the laboratory's collaborative culture. Mentioning her AIS project in a hallway conversation would prompt staff to offer help or connect her with relevant experts. "The opportunity to network with all these experts and see what other groups do is extremely unique. Any student would benefit from that kind of exposure," she says. 

As a student technical assistant, Raymaker will research other dimensions of maritime security. She's particularly interested in preventing the malicious cutting of undersea cables, which has become a major geopolitical security concern. "Ships are big and slow. If we have data on where they're moving, maybe we could use it to predict when a ship is going to do something bad," she says.

After graduation in the spring, she hopes to keep working through the problems she heard from mariners: "I want to go one by one down that list to create solutions that might help. Their job at sea is hard, and they deserve to be protected."

Vivek Jagadeesh: Readying cyber technology for industry adoption

Vivek Jagadeesh is a master's student at Worcester Polytechnic Institute. His path to Lincoln Laboratory came together naturally. After interviewing for a summer position, he learned that his advisor had a connection with staff in the Secure Resilient Systems and Technology Group. That connection gave him the confidence that the laboratory was the right fit for his interests. As it turned out, the group's work aligned closely with the problems Jagadeesh was tackling in his research: securing operating systems.

Specifically, Lincoln Laboratory researchers have been developing Hardware-Assisted Kernel Compartmentalization (HAKC). The core software of an operating system, a kernel typically has the highest level of access to a computer's hardware. Because of that access, a single bug in kernel code can lead to catastrophic security failures. HAKC mitigates this risk by dividing kernel code into smaller components, each separated by access-control checks. The team anticipates that the technology can resolve vulnerabilities in Linux kernels, which power most of the world's devices.

Jagadeesh's focus has been on supporting HAKC's transition to industry. "The idea is to make the technology less proprietary, so that any of the big distributors of Linux, like Red Hat, or Canonical, can use it," he says. Those distributors, however, need clear insight into how HAKC modifies the kernel code. To enable this insight, Jagadeesh developed a tool called a source-to-source compiler, or transpiler. 

A compiler converts C source code into binary for machines to execute. Different compilers process code differently, and the compiler HAKC uses differs from the compiler used frequently by the greater Linux community. Modifications to code are usually done at an intermediate stage — a translated version of the code that compilers use before generating binary — but interfacing with the code at this stage varies by compiler, making modifications hard to transfer between systems. To avoid this problem, Jagadeesh's transpiler inserts HAKC code directly into the original C source file, while preserving the source file's original information and making additions easily identifiable. As a result, any developer can audit the changes HAKC implements, and HAKC can cleanly integrate into the complicated build systems used by kernel developers and distributors.  

"Creating a transpiler is a non-trivial task, but that is nevertheless what Vivek achieved. His transpiler is capable of transforming the entire Linux kernel, a key milestone we need to bring HAKC to industry," says his Lincoln Laboratory advisor, Derrick McKee, who began developing HAKC as a student researcher himself five years ago.

According to McKee, the transpiler will serve as the foundation for the next iteration of HAKC. That new version is planned for release under the Open Resilient Compartmentalization Alliance, a Linux Foundation initiative dedicated to bringing compartmentalization technology to Linux systems.

Jagadeesh says he felt strongly supported throughout the internship, meeting with the project's two principal investigators at least twice a week. "It felt like we were working on this together in a big way — and I got a lot of support from everyone responsible for it," he says. He looks forward to working on other aspects of system security in the group this fall. 

For students considering a laboratory internship, Jagadeesh offers this perspective: "You get to work on real things that have an actual impact. It's work that, after you go back to school, you'll apply to more research going forward."

More information on Lincoln Laboratory's summer research program and other student opportunities can be found here. 

Every new generation of phone display, television screen, and solar panel is a result of precision optics experiments, which use lasers and other light sources to measure the optical properties of candidate materials. These experiments can take months to run, requiring scientists to meticulously angle and adjust delicate light sources, mirrors, cameras, and other components, in a careful and constant tuning that can be physically tedious and time-consuming. 

But MIT scientists say the whole process of building and running an optics experiment could one day be fully automated. Taking a step toward such a future, they have developed a reconfigurable, robotic optics laboratory. 

The new robotic lab autonomously assembles standard optical components into desired configurations. It can then tune the angle and position of mirrors and lenses with micron-scale precision to produce beams of light with specific properties. The system can also safely dismantle an experiment and reassemble the parts into an entirely new setup. 

The team showed that the robotic system could autonomously build and fine-tune a tabletop laser cavity — a key element of most optics experiments. The system could also precisely manipulate components to perform several optical tasks, such as centering a laser beam, aligning multiple beams, and automatically stabilizing the beams in response to physical disturbances.

“We start with randomly placed components,” says Sachin Vaidya, a postdoc in MIT’s Research Laboratory of Electronics. “At the end, we have a fully functioning laser that the robot has built.”

The researchers are expanding the robotic lab, in a physical and virtual sense. In addition to improving the system’s physical sensing, maneuvering, and overall space, they are developing a cloud-based application that gives users virtual access to the physical robot. They envision that one day, scientists from anywhere will be able to remotely access robotic optics labs and virtually submit experimental protocols or queries that the labs would then set up and run autonomously. 

“There are many things this could enable,” says Marin Soljacic, the Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physics at MIT. “A robot isn’t going to get bored. It can work 365 days, 24 hours a day, on very boring things. That will free up so much creativity and time for scientists to then push theories and see what we can do. Science could progress much faster.”

The MIT team will present the details of the new system at the Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) conference later this month. Along with Soljacic and Vaidya, project team members include co-lead Seou Choi, Caio Silva, and Shrish Choudhury from MIT, Shiekh Uddin of Nokia Bell Labs, and Sajib Shuvo of Arizona State University.

A city of light

A tabletop optics experiment can resemble a miniature city of densely packed mirrors, lenses, and light sources. Scientists manually arrange and align the various components in precise configurations, then shine light into the experiment. The lenses and mirrors bounce and focus the beam into a desired wavelength, frequency, or intensity that can then be used to probe or manipulate a given material. 

“Sometimes this manual setup takes days or months depending on the complexity of the experiment,” Soljacic says. “It’s meticulous work that has to be done again and again for each experiment.”

Most labs do incorporate some level of automation in an optics setup, such as motorized tuners that mechanically turn knobs to precisely angle a mirror. 

“These components can automate the most tedious parts of an experiment,” Vaidya notes. “But no one has built a full system that goes from no setup to a completely aligned setup in one tool. That was our goal, to show complete automation through all the steps that go into an optics experiment.”

Auto-tuned optics

The team’s robotic lab centers around a robotic arm with seven moveable joints that is attached to a metallic tabletop. The robot picks and places lenses, mirrors, and other optical components, each of which the researchers installed in its own 3D-printed plastic housing. 

The housings are designed such that the robot can easily and safely grip and move each component. The researchers etched the top of each housing with a QR code containing information about the component within the housing (such as whether it is a lens versus a mirror, and its exact dimensions and capabilities). Each housing has a magnetic base that helps stabilize a component once the arm places it down on the metallic tabletop. 

The researchers designed a Wi-Fi-enabled “fine-adjustment tool” that clips onto the mount of standard optical components. The motorized tool can be wirelessly controlled to turn a component’s knobs, for instance to angle a mirror. 

“The way humans do this tuning is by feel, and based on a lot of intuition,” Vaidya says. “This tool is at least as precise as a human, but in reality it is much more precise.”

The team also installed a pair of cameras over the entire setup that provides a birds-eye view of the tabletop experiment. Finally, they developed a “software stack,” or a set of programs that enables the robot to navigate through every step of setting up and continuously tuning an experiment. These steps include recognizing a specific component, knowing how to safely approach and pick it up, where to move it, and how to avoid collisions with other parts of the experiment along the way. 

Finally, they designed a simple virtual user interface to allow an experimenter to remotely direct the robot. For instance, when a user drags the icon for a mirror from one spot to another, and clicks a button to confirm, the robot responds by picking up the actual mirror and placing it down at the corresponding location on the table. 

As a demonstration, they directed the robot to assemble various components into a laser cavity. A laser cavity consists of two mirrors arranged on either side of a crystal. When a beam of light is shone into the setup, it pings back and forth between the two mirrors. With each pass, the light also passes through the crystal, which amplifies the light’s intensity, to a point that whatever light escapes, is intense enough to form a laser. 

“We wanted to pick a demonstration in optics that’s reasonably challenging,” says co-lead author Seou Choi, a graduate student in electrical engineering and computer science. “This is not something a new trainee could do in an afternoon. It requires a lot of alignment and component experience.”

In the end, the robot successfully built a functional laser cavity by autonomously carrying out 50 maneuvers, all within 30 minutes. When the researchers introduced physical disturbances to the setup, such as randomly moving a component on the table, the system automatically readjusted components to maintain the laser’s intensity. 

“Even tiny vibrations or temperature changes can degrade an optics experiment,” Vaidya says. “An autonomous lab could continuously monitor its own performance and repair the alignment before valuable data is lost.”

The researchers envision that robotic labs like theirs could be paired with a nearby library of physical components that another robot could fetch and deliver to a tabletop robot to arrange into an experiment. Such a system could work to build and run experiments, then break them down and set up new ones on demand, or continuously run an experiment that requires active 24/7 monitoring.

“A system like this could help industry test prototypes faster, for everything from cameras and displays to solar cells and AR/VR goggles,” Vaidya says. 

For their part, the researchers are applying the new robot lab to test promising carbon-capture materials. By shining light with specific properties at these materials, they can get information about how a material absorbs carbon dioxide. 

“Experimental optics is the backbone of many important fields,” Vaidya says. “Our work takes the first step toward optical labs that can operate faster, more reliably, and without manual intervention in a domain that demands extreme precision and diversity of experimental setups.”

This research was supported, in part, by the Korea Foundation for Advanced Studies Overseas PhD Scholarship, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. Army DEVCOM ARL Army Research Office, Parviz Tayebati, the MIT Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP), the MIT Generative AI Impact Consortium (MGAIC), and Shell International Exploration and Production Inc.

Jay Wilcoxson, counsel in the MIT Office of General Counsel (OGC), does not shy away from a crisis. In fact, he enjoys navigating uncertainty to steer a conflict toward an outcome that is beneficial to the Institute. Drawing on his background in private law practice and his love for problem-solving, Wilcoxson ensures his work supports MIT's mission and principles. 

After attending Boston University School of Law, Wilcoxson joined the Boston law firm Goodwin Procter LLP, specializing in commercial business litigation. While the work was interesting and challenging, there were aspects of law firm life that he didn’t love, and he expected to eventually shift to a role as an in-house lawyer. He had always believed in the mission of higher education, and as universities are complex organizations with many moving parts, he was drawn to the range of issues they present. The challenge was that legal jobs in higher education are rare — people get them and don’t leave. 

For several years, Wilcoxson kept his eye on openings and met with general counsels at several universities, who reiterated how competitive these roles can be. One also mentioned something that stuck with him: Being a lawyer in higher education requires a high tolerance for ambiguity, which can be counterintuitive, as legal work is typically focused on applying the law to a set of facts to reach a clear outcome. In 2007, he opened Mass Lawyers Weekly and saw that MIT was looking for a lawyer with a background in litigation and other disputes at his level of seniority, so he applied. He was hired in August of that year as the first new lawyer to join the recently-created OGC. Before the office was established in January 2007, lawyers at MIT were not centralized in one office, but instead spread across several units on campus. 

Since joining MIT, Wilcoxson jokes that he is a “reformed litigator” because, unlike in private practice where he was often in court and managing the day-to-day of active lawsuits, much of his work now is focused on avoiding litigation. He works to identify potential friction points and reduce the risk of conflict or legal disputes before they escalate. His work is strategic and collaborative — working with clients across campus to identify and prevent potential areas of conflict and thinking broadly about how a case should be defended and whether there are opportunities to resolve it. 

Although Wilcoxson’s practice is very broad, his primary focus is on student life. He works regularly with the Division of Student Life, the Office of the Chancellor, the Office of Graduate Education, and the Institute Discrimination and Harassment Response Office, among other departments, laboratories, centers, and institutes. If an issue comes to the OGC and the client isn’t sure about whom to contact, Wilcoxson and his colleagues confer to ensure that it makes its way to the lawyer best suited to handle it. As he notes, it is not the community’s responsibility to find the right lawyer — the OGC team makes sure each matter lands with the right person. 

Wilcoxson credits the team in the OGC for building an office that people want to work with. He believes the community sees him and his colleagues as trusted thought partners and teammates. All members of the MIT community — faculty, staff, and sometimes even students — can reach out for guidance on Institute legal issues. As lawyers, Wilcoxson and his colleagues approach problems differently than engineers, scientists, or those in the humanities, offering a distinct perspective on how to navigate complex issues. 

The advice Wilcoxson received before starting his job at MIT, that he would need a high tolerance for ambiguity, turned out to be the best guidance he received, and, to his surprise after 19 years at the Institute, is one of his favorite things about his job. “I really like the uncertainty,” he says. “That’s what makes the job interesting.” 

Soundbytes 

Q: What about your job brings you the most joy? 

A: The relationships I’ve developed. Part of what brought me to MIT is also what keeps me here, the development of deep relationships. There are some people I have talked to every day for almost 20 years. There’s a mutual appreciation for how we help each other move MIT’s agenda forward. Those relationships are important because helping resolve conflicts and disputes affects people’s lives, so the pressure can be high. Having people you know and trust, who have your back, and you have theirs, is what really helps you get through when things are stressful. 

Q: How would you describe the community at MIT? 

A: There’s no one word to describe it; I get to work with so many different types of people, all bringing different life experiences and expertise. “Quirky” comes to mind. “Brilliant” comes to mind. Ultimately, what draws me most are problem-solvers. I work with many people, but I have one client: MIT. That's easy to say, hard to explain, and really hard to put into practice. On any given day my client is whoever is acting on behalf of MIT. It could be a faculty member, it could be a dean, department head, or vice president, or maybe even a graduate student. 

I love MIT and am immensely proud to be part of this amazing institution. I’m not inventing things, I’m not solving the climate crisis, I’m not creating cleaner energy, but I am helping people do that. I hope I can take things off their plates so they can focus on their work. 

Q: Are you involved in any other areas of the Institute that are not directly related to your job? 

A: What I really try to do is find ways to be part of the community. I go to faculty meetings and lectures, and I’ve brought my family to weekend events. I’m on a lot of committees with students, many of which focus on developing a policy or how to approach an issue that might be the subject of rules or policy. I also often serve on search committees for leadership roles on campus. 

My favorite side hustle is being a name reader at Commencement. I’ve been doing it for close to 10 years. We used to have one huge ceremony, where eight of us stood on stage in Killian Court and read the name of every graduate. What’s really cool is that when I read a graduate’s name, they’re handed their actual diploma with their actual name on it, thanks to an incredible effort by the registrar’s office and a large team of volunteers. We used to read all 3,500 names live and we spent a lot of time practicing.   

Although Commencement is now broken into smaller ceremonies, we still read names live at the Undergraduate Commencement in Killian Court. Each of us reads about 200 names. It's a fun group of about six of us who have been reading for years, and we all love coming back to do it year after year. 

I also was recently asked to serve on the Presidential Committee on Distinguished Fellowships. This is the Institute committee that works with students who are applying for various international scholarships, such as Rhodes and Marshall Scholarships. I’m very excited to work with and mentor these talented students as they pursue these amazing opportunities. 

Mohammad Imran Khan Mewati teaches grades 6-12 at a school in rural India. His students are largely from economically disadvantaged families, and the school itself has limited resources. But the biggest problem, he says, is absenteeism. 

“If a student is not coming into your class, how are you going to teach?” says Mewati, a teacher for 26 years. “That’s why I’m using technology in my classroom and outside the classroom, so that they can learn a little bit using their smartphones.” 

MIT Open Learning’s free educational resources have been a boon for Mewati as he develops Hindi-language digital resources for his students. 

“I am a self-taught app developer,” he explains. “MIT Open Learning has had a deep and practical impact on my professional life as a teacher. Many concepts I learned influenced how I design digital learning activities, simple educational games, and classroom strategies. My students may not know they are indirectly benefiting from MIT, but they are.”

Through MIT Open Learning, Mewati has used in his classroom OpenCourseWare’s free, online library of educational resources from more than 2,500 courses spanning the MIT undergraduate and graduate curriculum. Learners can browse content at their own pace, watch lectures, read course notes, and hear from faculty experts. All materials can be downloaded for offline use, and the website is fully responsive for smartphone use. These materials are also available on MIT Learn, an AI-enabled platform for all of MIT’s lifelong learning opportunities.

Mewati started using OpenCourseWare resources in the early 2010s and cites programming courses as the most useful. He dove deep into Introduction to CS and Programming Using Python, Introduction to C and C++, and Introduction to Programming Using Java. Introduction to Computational Thinking helped him bring together problem-solving approaches from mathematics and computer science as he built apps.  

Closing the gap with technology

Mewati’s school is located 15 miles from the city of Alwar in Rajasthan, a state in northwestern India. Most of the students do not have access to desktop or laptop computers, but the majority live in a home where at least one person has a smartphone. Taking advantage of this technology, Mewati creates classroom groups on WhatsApp so that he can share resources with his students, regardless of whether they can make it to class. 

Mewati began incorporating technology into his teaching in the early 2010s, when he had to engage 180 students in a lesson about the moon landing and Neil Armstrong. Mewati created a simple HTML page that included many iconic images — the American flag planted on the moon, the Apollo 11 spacecraft, the footprint on the moon’s surface — with Hindi explanations. Once he created it, he could use it again and again. When he tested students on what they’d learned, they got better results than when he’d taught the material using his previous approach. 

“This is the incident that confirmed to me that technology can play an important role in the lives of the students, and particularly for the rural students, for the students who do not have equal opportunities,” says Mewati. “Technology is the equalizer.”

That belief has driven Mewati’s efforts to build his school’s technological resources. Through crowdfunding, he secured 15 used computers to create a computer lab, and teachers now share the responsibility for creating mobile hotspots so students can connect to the internet. Mewati’s mobile apps provide additional opportunities for students to explore topics in greater depth or catch up on lessons they may have missed.

Referring to his apps as his favorite topic, Mewati explains that he has developed several types to meet a variety of goals. Some allow students to play games that develop their math skills, while others include syllabi, reading recommendations, and class notes. Other apps help students prepare for exams required for government jobs. He also builds apps for audiences beyond his school, such as an app that provides Hindi-language resources related to maternal health, a topic he says is not openly discussed in India. The app has been popular, he explains, because it provides honest information that people can view privately.

“If I see an issue, I think, ‘Yes, let’s create an app,’” he says. 

Collaboration, open sharing, and lifelong learning

Mewati shares the apps he has created, and the MIT Open Learning resources that support him, with a network of teachers across India. He has connected with other educators through India’s National Teacher Awards and earlier this year, he traveled to Dubai for the Global Teacher Prize.

“We share things with each other,” he says. “We have a huge group — more than 1,000 teachers connected across India. So, if we see resources, or useful things for a class, we’ll share. All the time, I talk about open-source materials, like MIT courses, for educational purposes.”

Through this culture of collaboration and open sharing, Mewati is able to bring new learning opportunities to his students. The apps he has built — made possible by what he has learned through MIT Open Learning — help extend access to educational resources beyond the classroom. As an educator, he says he’s happy about that. But he is also a learner, and it’s his journey as a learner that he wants people to know. 

“I am from a rural area. My parents are not educated at all. And I am a Fulbright Scholar. I can reach the Global Teacher Prize stage. The reason is simple,” he says. “It is because I continued my learning, whenever possible, with the use of technology and availability of free courses from MIT.”

To anyone who is curious, who wants to learn, to push themselves or build something new, he says that with MIT Open Learning, the resources are out there.

“We should use it, we should grab it, and we should share it as much as we can,” says Mewati. “Because that’s how humanity can flourish.”

MIT’s Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research (MKI) is launching a pilot artist-in-residence program to facilitate cross-disciplinary dialogue between art, science, and the public. 

MKI is a world-leading institution for research in astrophysics, combining more than 60 years of expertise in space and ground-based instrumentation development with the intellectual energy of MIT’s faculty, research and technical staff, and students in the departments of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering; Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences; and Physics.

During the 2026-27 academic year, internationally acclaimed ultra-contemporary artist Amy Karle will work as the program’s inaugural artist-in-residence alongside MKI researchers to explore the research and processes behind cutting-edge astrophysical discoveries and instrumentation, and to translate this experience into an immersive, multimedia installation available for public display beginning in early 2028. Karle is known for her work as an artist, designer, and researcher whose projects explore how science and technology shape humanity, evolution, and the future across scales and systems, from cells to cosmos. 

“We are excited to work with Amy in this collaborative environment” says MKI Director Robert Simcoe, the Bruno B. Rossi Professor of Experimental Physics at MIT. “Her approach is unlike anything we have previously experienced at MKI and presents many opportunities to challenge the way we, as scientists and engineers, think about our study of the universe. At the same time, the resulting artwork will be shaped by the deep research we do, and the wide-ranging scientific and technical perspectives of the MKI community.” 

Karle’s proposal, which envisions astrophysical research and data as a co-creative experience toward embodied understanding of cosmic phenomena and touches on themes of scientific observation, signals, and inference, was selected by an interdisciplinary committee of astronomers, museum curators, and art-science practitioners. Reviewers praised Karle’s ambitious-yet-grounded approach to engagement, her attention to audience experience, her unique approach to science communication through art and technology, and the collaborative potential of her artistic vision. 

“I am thrilled to be partnering with MKI,” says Karle, whose practice over the years has included dedicated art-science collaborations with Copernicus Science Centre, the Interstellar Foundation, and Studio Quantum, as well as multiple installations for museums, festivals, and public spaces across the globe. “My first job was at a public observatory. I still remember showing strangers Saturn’s rings through a telescope and watching awe and understanding arrive as felt experience. That has shaped my work since. What MKI does at the frontier of astrophysics, translating faint signals into knowledge through instruments, computation, and human judgment, is a profound expression of that same process. I am excited to be in dialogue with that work and with MKI scientists to create art that makes this tangible and deeply felt, inviting people into the threshold where our ways of knowing the universe reshape how we understand ourselves.”

The residency begins with a one-month exploratory period in the fall semester, centered on meetings with MKI researchers, attendance at seminars and classes, and a public presentation to the MKI community. The project will then move from conceptualization to development, shaped through continued exchange with MKI researchers and complementary independent work in Karle’s California studio throughout 2027. 

In March, Karle and selected scientific collaborators will be in residence at the Studios at MASS MoCA, a national and international residency program embedded within one of the world’s largest and liveliest museums dedicated to contemporary art. During their time in residence, Karle and collaborators will test ideas, exchange knowledge, and engage with a multidisciplinary cohort of 16 other artists from across the globe.

“MASS MoCA [the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art] is pleased to be part of MKI’s artist-in-residence program and to contribute to the meaningful exchange between art and science,” says Susan Cross, MASS MoCA director of curatorial affairs. “We look forward to welcoming artist Amy Karle and collaborators from MIT’s Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research to our campus, and to the Studios at MASS MoCA.”

The residency is supported by the Kavli Foundation’s Kavli Innovation Fund. The initiative seeks to develop new modes of public engagement with astrophysical research and discovery, and deepen emotional connections across the interplay of science and art.

“We are grateful for the Kavli Foundation’s support,” says Simcoe, “as it allows us to push boundaries and engage new audiences in the wonder of the universe and the process of science.” 

Karle’s work has been exhibited internationally at institutions including Centre Pompidou, Mori Art Museum, the Smithsonian Institution, the Museum of Modern Art, Ars Electronica, ArtScience Museum, Triennale Milano, and the Victoria and Albert Museum, with works on the moon and in space. She collaborates with and presents at scientific, technological, and cultural institutions including NASA, CERN, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Autodesk, HP Labs, and NVIDIA. 

She was honored as one of BBC’s 100 Most Inspiring and Influential Women, a Pioneer in Design, and one of the Most Influential Women in 3D Printing. Karle also served as an American Arts Incubator U.S. Department of State artist diplomat. Her first job was at a public observatory, where she began asking fundamental questions about space and witnessing the wonder it can awaken in people, an early experience that continues to inspire her to create works that allow people to feel how we come to know the universe and our place within it.

To learn more about Karle's work, visit amykarle.com. As the project develops, MKI will be seeking museum and festival partners to host the installation in 2028 and beyond. 

MIT researchers have created a new computing platform that could be used to develop intelligent and adaptive next-generation electronics that can simultaneously perform multiple functions, like computing and memory, all within one extremely compact, energy-efficient device.

Such a platform opens opportunities for low-power edge computing applications, interactive medical and environmental monitoring systems, and smart robots.

The researchers accomplished this by leveraging the unique mechanical response of soft polymers at the nanoscale. A mechanical response is how a structure changes when a force is applied to it. 

They harnessed this response to create tiny mechanical devices that use reconfigurable motion to remember and process information in a way that mimics how neurons behave in the brain.

Because key computing functions are built into the intrinsic properties of the soft polymer material, the number of components needed to perform the functions are minimized, enabling a compact and versatile platform for information processing. 

“Complex and coupled nanoscale phenomena can provide tremendous opportunities for new approaches to information processing and integrating multiple functionalities, such as computing, sensing, and actuation. This could enable levels of energy efficiency, autonomy, and reconfigurability in nanoscale devices and systems that are challenging to achieve with conventional computing platforms,” says Farnaz Niroui, an associate professor of electrical engineering and computer science (EECS), a member of the Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE), and senior author of a paper on this device. “Here, we harness the intrinsic mechanical properties of materials to engineer device-level dynamics, such that the material building blocks play a much more active role in defining device functionality than conventionally considered.”

She is joined on the paper by co-lead authors Peter Satterthwaite and Sarah Spector, EECS graduate students; as well as Jeremiah Johnson, the A. Thomas Guertin Professor of Chemistry at MIT; Maxwell Conte, a graduate student in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Teddy Hsieh, an EECS graduate student; postdoc Eduard Bobylev; and Srinidhi Venkatesh ’25. The research appears today in Science Advances. 

Bioinspired computation

Biological systems can leverage physical changes, like motion or deformation, to process information efficiently and without needing access to a central controller. 

For instance, an octopus has a highly distributed nervous systems, with about two-thirds of its neurons spread throughout its arms. This allows the octopus to sense and process information about its environment locally and generate responses without requiring access to the central brain.

As an example, an octopus can mechanically change the color cells in its skin, enabling it to go through a rapid and context-specific camouflage process.

“You can think of an octopus as continuous computing matter, with computing, memory, sensing, and actuation distributed throughout its body,” Niroui adds.

Inspired by such performance, the researchers sought to develop a platform that can compute using mechanical transformations at the nanoscale. In mechanical computing, calculations are performed through physical transformations like movement and compression. 

While bioinspired mechanical computing platforms have been developed at the micro and macro scales, the MIT researchers shrunk their device to the nanoscale. At this scale, even minute mechanical transformations can lead to drastic changes in a material’s properties. This can enable complex computing in an energy-efficient platform.

But achieving the reversible nanomechanical transformations needed for such computing is a fundamental challenge. When two surfaces come very close, they experience strong adhesive forces that pull the surfaces together, making them impossible to unstick. 

To overcome this fundamental challenge, the researchers built a device with a super-thin film of the soft polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sandwiched between two metal electrodes. This soft spacer balances the adhesive forces between the two metal surfaces, keeping the electrodes from crashing together in an irreversible way.

“The soft material in serves as a ‘nano-spring,’ to help balance the forces to achieve nanoscale mechanical reconfiguration in a controlled and reversible manner,” Niroui explains.

When the researchers apply a voltage to the device, the two metal plates attract to one another, compressing the soft material and altering the electrical current flowing through the device. 

“PDMS is viscoelastic, which means that after being compressed, it takes time to return to its original state. This allows the devices to dynamically remember the history of forces and voltages applied to them, and convert that history into an electrical response,” says Satterthwaite.

They researchers used this performance to demonstrate an artificial neuron.

Brain-inspired information processing

In the brain, each neuron accumulates an electrical charge a little bit at a time until it reaches a threshold and fires, passing information to other neurons in the network. 

The researchers’ device mirrors this behavior. As voltage is applied over time, it accumulates stimulus as the electrodes gradually compress the PDMS. After crossing a threshold, it “fires” like a neuron before relaxing back to its original state.

“We have this complex functionality, which is the basis of biological computing, all contained in one nanoscale device,” Satterthwaite says.

Since computing and memory are incorporated within a single device with no need for external components, like capacitors or complex circuitry, this platform can achieve high energy efficiency with a small footprint. 

“The performance highly relies on the memory introduced using the soft polymer. We can intentionally engineer this over a large design space to meet the requirements of the desired applications,” Spector says.

The device can also be compatible with biological systems, Spector adds. For instance, it could be useful in applications like smart prosthetics that can rapidly process tactile data or low-power wearable patches that collect and analyze health indicators in real-time.

In the future, the researchers want to expand this work to further integrate sensing with computing and memory to realize nanomechanical computing matter with applications in intelligent and adaptive systems. 

This work was funded, in part, by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), an MIT EECS MathWorks Fellowship, and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. Device fabrication was carried out, in part, using MIT.nano facilities.

Researchers created a new technique that accurately and rapidly matches X-rays captured during surgery with a patient’s preoperative 3D medical scan. This method could make it easier for clinicians to precisely pilot minimally invasive surgical tools, leading to faster and safer procedures.

Clinicians perform many minimally invasive surgeries using real-time X-rays to help them steer devices like catheters and endoscopes through tiny incisions. But since X-rays are flat images, it can be challenging to determine exactly where surgical tools are located and oriented within the patient’s body, increasing the risk of complications.

To help localize surgical devices, clinicians may manually align X-rays with preoperative 3D medical images, such as CT scans or MRIs. Artificial intelligence tools designed to streamline this process struggle to align images robustly for all patients, making them infeasible in practice.

This new system, developed by scientists and clinicians at MIT and collaborating institutions, uses an AI model that adapts to each patient in only about five minutes. The model automatically matches one patient’s X-rays with 3D scans in a matter of seconds, and with sub-millimeter precision.

Named xvr (which stands for X-ray volume registration), it outperformed existing AI methods by an order of magnitude across a wide range of patients, body parts, and medical procedures.

“A majority of Americans live more than an hour away from a center that can perform noninvasive procedures, like emergency stroke interventions. An hour in stroke time is incredibly substantial. Making these procedures easier by combining 2D and 3D information enables these types of highly specialized life-saving procedures to be more accessible to much broader parts of the population,” says Vivek Gopalakrishnan, a postdoc in the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL); a recent graduate of the Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology; and lead author of a paper on xvr, which appears today in Nature.

He is joined on the paper by his advisor Polina Golland, the Sunlin and Priscilla Chou Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), a principal investigator in CSAIL, the leader of the Medical Vision Group, and co-senior author of the paper; and Neel Dey, a former postdoc in the Medical Vision Group who is now an investigator at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital as well as co-senior author on the paper. Additional co-authors include David-Dimitris Chlorogiannis, a researcher and clinician at Harvard Medical School; Andrew Abumoussa, a neurosurgeon at St. Luke’s Marion Bloch Neuroscience Institute; Anna M. Larson, a pediatric clinician at Shriners Children’s Hospital; Nazim Haouchine, an assistant professor of radiology at Harvard and Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Darren B. Orbach, a physician and scientist at Boston Children’s Hospital; and Sarah Frisken, an associate professor of radiology at Harvard.

Making X-rays more informative

In many minimally invasive surgical procedures, like angioplasty to open blocked arteries, clinicians insert instruments through a tiny incision and use a high-speed mobile X-ray scanner to generate images that allow them to visualize the procedure from any angle. 

But to guide surgical tools without accidentally damaging other tissue, clinicians must align real-time X-rays with the patient’s preoperative MRI or CT scan. This process, called registration, helps them determine where the tool is in relation to anatomical structures. 

“It takes decades of training for a clinician to become skilled enough to see grainy, 2D images and understand how everything is oriented. We want to make these 2D X-rays more informative, so it becomes safer and easier to do these life-saving procedures,” Gopalakrishnan says.

Manual registration methods are slow and burdensome, requiring the clinician to guess the position of a surgical instrument by punching numbers into a computer or clicking anatomical landmarks on a screen. 

To streamline the process, researchers are developing AI models that can predict 2D/3D registration. But people have such diverse anatomy that a model which works well for some patients may fail for others. 

A lack of high-quality annotated medical image data makes it difficult to train a deep-learning model robust enough to adapt to many patients, Gopalakrishnan says.

Rather than trying to make a machine-learning model that can be applied to all patients, the researchers built a model designed to adapt extremely well for the specific patient.

“We tailor this one specific model for this one specific patient, and it doesn’t matter if it works on other people because there will be different models for those people,” Gopalakrishnan adds.

Patient-specific machine learning

Xvr takes one patient’s preoperative 3D scan, like an MRI or CT, and uses it to generate thousands of synthetic X-rays from many angles, producing about 1,000 images each second. It uses a physics-based simulation of the X-ray process to ensure these synthetic images are realistic.

“Instead of generating data from nothing, like some types of generative AI, this physics simulation is entirely based on the CT scan or MRI from this patient. Because xvr creates patient-specific data in a purely physics-based manner, there is no room for hallucinations,” Gopalakrishnan says.

The xvr framework uses these simulated data to train an AI model that can accurately align this patient’s 2D X-rays with their 3D image scan in a matter of seconds.

But while such a registration model is highly accurate, it would take about 12 hours to train from scratch for each patient, making it impossible to deploy in an emergency. To make the process faster, the researchers used xvr to pretrain a more versatile AI system, called a foundation model, that can quickly adjust to each new patient. 

They collected whole-body 3D medical scans from more than 2,000 patients covering a wide range of ages, image modalities, and regions. Xvr used these diverse data to generate synthetic X-rays and train a foundation model to perform 2D/3D registration.

This pretrained model can adapt to a new patient in about five minutes, and performs registration with the same accuracy as if it had been trained from scratch. 

“So now you can get patient-specific accuracy but also in a very rapid time frame,” Gopalakrishnan says.

The team tested the model on the largest available dataset of real 2D/3D registrations, incorporating data from five hospitals that covered dozens of bones and organ systems in adult and pediatric patients. 

Xvr significantly outperformed other AI-based methods in accuracy and robustness, while operating fast enough for emergency surgeries. The model could also be used to improve the performance of robotic surgery technologies. 

In the future, the researchers hope to focus on making xvr faster for real-time deployment, conducting further studies to verify its reliability in additional situations, and extending the system to handle more complex scenarios, like moving body parts. 

“For the past two years, we’ve been carefully developing this algorithm and validating it. Now, we are collaborating closely with surgical robotics companies and clinical groups to turn this research into useful tools for navigation or deployment,” Gopalakrishnan says.

This work was funded, in part, but the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the MIT CSAIL-Wistron Program, the MIT-IBM Computing Research Lab, the MIT Jameel Clinic, the MIT Health and Life Sciences Collaborative, and the Chou Family Transformative Research Fund.

The annual “Demo Day” event at MIT, which marks the end of the delta v startup accelerator, fell on the 25th anniversary of the Sept. 11 attacks this year, giving MIT entrepreneurs a chance to honor the memory of those lost that day while presenting their startup progress in the program.

Each year, the event celebrates all that students achieved while working full-time on their ventures over the summer with support and guidance from the Martin Trust Center for MIT Entrepreneurship.

But the usually boisterous night started with the program’s military veterans asking for a moment of silence.

“Today is a day of remembrance, but also a day of celebration,” founder and MIT graduate student Kevin Power MAP ’25 told the audience in opening remarks. “It’s about building to create a better world. Today, we honor those lost the way we believe they would want: by being humble, taking care of each other, and building something worthy of the people who never had this chance. In this room, people are taking on the hardest problems in health care, cybersecurity, defense, robotics, and manufacturing.”

Now in its 15th year, delta v Demo Day gives MIT entrepreneurs a chance to share their work and inspire classmates to adopt the entrepreneurial mindset. The companies that presented were whittled down from an initial list of over 200, twice the amount that applied in 2025.

Across a whirlwind 90 minutes inside a jam-packed Kresge Auditorium, 13 teams presented their startups to the audience in two-minute presentations. Many shared business milestones and progress in line with what a typical company would achieve over multiple years, including customer partnerships, prototype deployments, and even revenue.

Each team received mentorship and support along with $75,000 in equity-free funding, a dramatic increase from years past. This year’s cohort featured undergraduates, graduate students, and postdocs, from across all of MIT’s schools.

“One of the things I love about delta v is it brings students from all across our community together to approach challenges with different perspectives,” Paula Hammond, dean of the MIT School of Engineering, told the audience. “Their companies are just as wide-ranging. They are working in AI, robotics, health care, aerospace, financial technology, biotech, cybersecurity, and more. At their core, they all share a desire to tackle difficult problems and improve people’s lives.”

This year the Trust Center also announced a new partner model for the delta v program, composed of over 125 leading founders from companies like HubSpot, Okta, and Kayak, along with industry experts and early-stage investors.

The event’s occurrence at the start of the semester is no coincidence: It is timed to attract the next generation of entrepreneurs on campus.

“This is my favorite day of the year,” said Bill Aulet, the managing director of the Trust Center and MIT’s Ethernet Inventors Professor of the Practice at the MIT Sloan School of Management. “Today is about building organizations that will solve the world’s most intractable problems. It’s about more than making money. These presentations will inspire you and make you proud to be a part of the MIT community.”

Artificial intelligence featured prominently in this year’s cohort of companies, which are applying the technology to solve major problems in cybersecurity and manufacturing, improve health care spending, design advanced metal parts, and more.

The company Neural Physics, for instance, is building AI models for manufacturing and other hardware applications. The company’s models are designed to accelerate product design and validation workflows for companies building things like cars, equipment, and machine parts.

“AI can build software overnight,” said co-founder and PhD candidate Mohamed Elrefaie. “AI for software has been solved. The next revolution is physical AI. Design takes too long, and it costs billions. In 1907, it took Henry Ford five years to develop the first Ford car model. Today, it still takes the Ford Motor Company five years to go from design to production. The U.S. advanced manufacturing sector loses roughly $245 billion annually due to engineer delays… [Most] of that time is spent running simulations or making engineering decisions. At Neural Physics, we are building foundation physics models to accelerate those processes.”

Another company, Cerebrus AI, has built a system for detecting when AI agents deviate from approved behavior. The solution builds a baseline of behavior for each deployed agent and monitors their activity to flag unusual behavior that could lead to problems.

“The rollout of revolutionary technology is being held up by three key questions that every executive is asking: Where are my agents? What are they doing? What do they have access to?” co-founder and MBA student Griffin Potrock said. “Security teams want to say yes, but they can’t trust what they can’t see. Cerebrus AI can help those teams.”

The company Talys uses AI agents to help health care organizations find opportunities to lower spending on things like pharmacies, operational processes, and third-party services. The company is already working with health systems and has processed $325 million in spending.

“Decades of attempts to reign in health care spending have fallen short — until now,” co-founder and MBA student Nicolas Berzin said “Why is it so hard? Analytics and dashboards give you pictures of the problem, but not the solution. Meanwhile, consultants are slow and expensive. There are thousands of spend categories, tens of thousands of procedures, and millions of items. Who knows how to save on all of these things? Imagine if you could classify every line, benchmark every item, find every substitution, triage every unprofitable case, and model every scenario across multiple contracts and thousands of procedures and categories like an expert. Talys is a margin-execution system that runs 24/7 to optimize procurement, reduce leakage, and improve case economics.”

Other delta v teams also presented impressive hardware solutions. RBT Resources presented a portable device that simplifies and speeds up blood transfusions, which could be used in hospitals and at the site of traumatic injuries like highways or battlefields.

“Transfusion at the point of injury is an extremely manual process with three key inefficiencies: They are time dependent, gravity dependent, and labor intensive,” explained CEO Anthony Capuano MBA ’26, a former U.S. Navy Seal. “Our goal at RBT Resources is to make transfusions faster and simpler for all medics.”

Gander Robotics developed a low-cost drone submarine that can be used when someone falls overboard on a ship. The hand-thrown, autonomous vessel can sense and travel to the person at sea and give them something to hold onto at the surface, all while providing rescue crews with its exact location.

So-called “man-overboard” situations are surprisingly common on military boats and cruise ships. The device was developed over two years at MIT and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. “Our autonomous rescue swimmer uses a proprietary technique to search with sonar from underneath the surface, where it’s nice and calm even if there’s a storm raging above,” CEO Michael Autery MBA ’26 explained.

The other teams presenting included:

Alpaca is building an integrated ecosystem of hardware and software to allow individuals to host their own frontier AI models without a subscription.

Banzai is building an AI-powered agent to help homeowners, property managers, and asset managers diagnose home repairs faster, improve repair accuracy, and reduce maintenance costs.

Bizon Labs is building a platform for engineering lipid nanoparticles to deliver advanced medicine anywhere in the body.

Cortheon uses AI design optimization to help foundries make complex metal parts at lower cost and with the design freedom of 3D printing.

Exo AI is helping financial institutions automate back-office processes using AI-native software capable of analyzing messy data and connecting fragmented workflows.

Pixology is using agentic AI to help sales teams create visual, engaging pitch materials faster for media rights deals.

Robox is using AI to develop a design engine for physical automation inside systems integrators, robotics firms, and manufacturers.

The Trade Lab is helping importers navigate shifting tariff regulations across the globe and optimize supply chains.