This is a current list of where and when I am scheduled to speak:

• I’m speaking on “AI: Trust & Power” at Capricon 45 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, at 11:30 AM on February 7, 2025. I’m also signing books there on Saturday, February 8, starting at 1:45 PM.
• I’m speaking at Boskone 62 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, which runs from February 14-16, 2025.
• I’m speaking at the Rossfest Symposium in Cambridge, UK, on March 25, 2025.

The list is maintained on this page.

A massive Los Angeles rebuilding effort will be shaped by the president-elect who disrupted the release of disaster aid to Democratic areas during his first term.

The justices have again declined to get involved in the climate liability litigation, allowing cases to proceed to trial and potentially encouraging more local governments to sue.

Anne Idsal Austin played a role in easing regulations on the fossil fuel industry during her time at the agency in Trump’s first term.

The move aims to bolster clean energy and protect national security during a boom in artificial intelligence.

It was created in 1973 by Peter Kirstein:

So from the beginning I put password protection on my gateway. This had been done in such a way that even if UK users telephoned directly into the communications computer provided by Darpa in UCL, they would require a password.

In fact this was the first password on Arpanet. It proved invaluable in satisfying authorities on both sides of the Atlantic for the 15 years I ran the service ­ during which no security breach occurred over my link. I also put in place a system of governance that any UK users had to be approved by a committee which I chaired but which also had UK government and British Post Office representation...

The state is less than halfway toward its goal of drawing 40 percent of its power from renewable sources by 2030.

Two open letters reflect a growing anxiety about the future of federal science under the president-elect.

Two reports backed by environmental advocates found distributing money raised from a cap-and-trade program would leave households better off.

The special session agreement would fund litigation against the incoming White House and award grants to nonprofit legal groups.

Exports of what China calls "new energy vehicles" reached 1.28 million. That was a 6.7 percent increase from 2023.

Foxconn has big ambitions, saying it eventually intends to make four of every 10 electric vehicles sold in the world.

The Supreme Court will hear arguments on Wednesday in a case that will determine whether states can violate adults’ First Amendment rights to access sexual content online by requiring them to verify their age.  

The case, Free Speech Coalition v. Paxton, could have far-reaching effects for every internet users’ free speech, anonymity, and privacy rights. The Supreme Court will decide whether a Texas law, HB1181, is constitutional. HB 1811 requires a huge swath of websites—many that would likely not consider themselves adult content websites—to implement age verification.  

The plaintiff in this case is the Free Speech Coalition, the nonprofit non-partisan trade association for the adult industry, and the Defendant is Texas, represented by Ken Paxton, the state’s Attorney General. But this case is about much more than adult content or the adult content industry. State and federal lawmakers across the country have recently turned to ill-conceived, unconstitutional, and dangerous censorship legislation that would force websites to determine the identity of users before allowing them access to protected speech—in some cases, social media. If the Supreme Court were to side with Texas, it would open the door to a slew of state laws that frustrate internet users’ First Amendment rights and make them less secure online. Here's what you need to know about the upcoming arguments, and why it’s critical for the Supreme Court to get this case right.

1. Adult Content is Protected Speech, and It Violates the First Amendment for a State to Require Age-Verification to Access It.  

Under U.S. law, adult content is protected speech. Under the Constitution and a history of legal precedent, a legal restriction on access to protected speech must pass a very high bar. Requiring invasive age verification to access protected speech online simply does not pass that test. Here’s why: 

While other laws prohibit the sale of adult content to minors and result in age verification via a government ID or other proof-of-age in physical spaces, there are practical differences that make those disclosures less burdensome or even nonexistent compared to online prohibitions. Because of the sheer scale of the internet, regulations affecting online content sweep in millions of people who are obviously adults, not just those who visit physical bookstores or other places to access adult materials, and not just those who might perhaps be seventeen or under.  

First, under HB 1181, any website that Texas decides is composed of “one-third” or more of “sexual material harmful to minors” is forced to collect age-verifying personal information from all visitors—even to access the other two-thirds of material that is not adult content.  

Second, while there are a variety of methods for verifying age online, the Texas law generally forces adults to submit personal information over the internet to access entire websites, not just specific sexual materials. This is the most common method of online age verification today, and the law doesn't set out a specific method for websites to verify ages. But fifteen million adult U.S. citizens do not have a driver’s license, and over two million have no form of photo ID. Other methods of age verification, such as using online transactional data, would also exclude a large number of people who, for example, don’t have a mortgage.  

The personal data disclosed via age verification is extremely sensitive, and unlike a password, often cannot easily (or ever) be changed.

Less accurate methods, such as “age estimation,” which are usually based solely on an image or video of their face alone, have their own privacy concerns. These methods are unable to determine with any accuracy whether a large number of people—for example, those over seventeen but under twenty-five years old—are the age they claim to be. These technologies are unlikely to satisfy the requirements of HB 1181 anyway. 

Third, even for people who are able to verify their age, the law still deters adult users from speaking and accessing lawful content by undermining anonymous internet browsing. Courts have consistently ruled that anonymity is an aspect of the freedom of speech protected by the First Amendment.  

Lastly, compliance with the law will require websites to retain this information, exposing their users to a variety of anonymity, privacy, and security risks not present when briefly flashing an ID card to a cashier.  

2. HB1181 Requires Every Adult in Texas to Verify Their Age to See Legally Protected Content, Creating a Privacy and Data Security Nightmare. 

Once information is shared to verify a user’s age, there’s no real way for a website visitor to be certain that the data they’re handing over is not going to be retained and used by the website, or further shared or even sold. Age verification systems are surveillance systems. Users must trust that the website they visit, or its third-party verification service, both of which could be fly-by-night companies with no published privacy standards, are following these rules. While many users will simply not access the content as a result—see the above point—others may accept the risk, at their peril.  

There is real risk that website employees will misuse the data, or that thieves will steal it. Data breaches affect nearly everyone in the U.S. Last year, age verification company AU10TIX encountered a breach, and there’s no reason to suspect this issue won’t grow if more websites are required, by law, to use age verification. The more information a website collects, the more chances there are for it to get into the hands of a marketing company, a bad actor, or someone who has filed a subpoena for it.  

The personal data disclosed via age verification is extremely sensitive, and unlike a password, often cannot easily (or ever) be changed. The law amplifies the security risks because it applies to such sensitive websites, potentially allowing a website or bad actor to link this personal information with the website at issue, or even with the specific types of adult content that a person views. This sets up a dangerous regime that would reasonably frighten many users away viewing the site in the first place. Given the regularity of data breaches of less sensitive information, HB1811 creates a perfect storm for data privacy. 

3. This Decision Could Have a Huge Impact on Other States with Similar Laws, as Well as Future Laws Requiring Online Age Verification.  

More than a third of U.S. states have introduced or enacted laws similar to Texas’ HB1181. This ruling could have major consequences for those laws and for the freedom of adults across the country to safely and anonymously access protected speech online, because the precedent the Court sets here could apply to both those and future laws. A bad decision in this case could be seen as a green light for federal lawmakers who are interested in a broader national age verification requirement on online pornography. 

It’s also not just adult content that’s at risk. A ruling from the Court on HB1181 that allows Texas violate the First Amendment here could make it harder to fight state and federal laws like the Kids Online Safety Act which would force users to verify their ages before accessing social media. 

4. The Supreme Court Has Rightly Struck Down Similar Laws Before.  

In 1997, the Supreme Court struck down, in a 7-2 decision, a federal online age-verification law in Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union. In that landmark free speech case the court ruled that many elements of the Communications Decency Act violated the First Amendment, including part of the law making it a crime for anyone to engage in online speech that is "indecent" or "patently offensive" if the speech could be viewed by a minor. Like HB1181, that law would have resulted in many users being unable to view constitutionally protected speech, as many websites would have had to implement age verification, while others would have been forced to shut down.  

Because courts have consistently held that similar age verification laws are unconstitutional, the precedent is clear. 

The CDA fight was one of the first big rallying points for online freedom, and EFF participated as both a plaintiff and as co-counsel. When the law first passed, thousands of websites turned their backgrounds black in protest. EFF launched its "blue ribbon" campaign and millions of websites around the world joined in support of free speech online. Even today, you can find the blue ribbon throughout the Web. 

Since that time, both the Supreme Court and many other federal courts have correctly recognized that online identification mandates—no matter what method they use or form they take—more significantly burden First Amendment rights than restrictions on in-person access to adult materials. Because courts have consistently held that similar age verification laws are unconstitutional, the precedent is clear. 

5. There is No Safe, Privacy Protecting Age-Verification Technology. 

The same constitutional problems that the Supreme Court identified in Reno back in 1997 have only metastasized. Since then, courts have found that “[t]he risks of compelled digital verification are just as large, if not greater” than they were nearly 30 years ago. Think about it: no matter what method someone uses to verify your age, to do so accurately, they must know who you are, and they must retain that information in some way or verify it again and again. Different age verification methods don’t each fit somewhere on a spectrum of 'more safe' and 'less safe,' or 'more accurate' and 'less accurate.' Rather, they each fall on a spectrum of dangerous in one way to dangerous in a different way. For more information about the dangers of various methods, you can read our comments to the New York State Attorney General regarding the implementation of the SAFE for Kids Act. 

* * *

 

The Supreme Court Should Uphold Online First Amendment Rights and Strike Down This Unconstitutional Law 

Texas’ age verification law robs internet users of anonymity, exposes them to privacy and security risks, and blocks some adults entirely from accessing sexual content that’s protected under the First Amendment. Age-verification laws like this one reach into fully every U.S. adult household. We look forward to the court striking down this unconstitutional law and once again affirming these important online free speech rights. 

For more information on this case, view our amicus brief filed with the Supreme Court. For a one-pager on the problems with age verification, see here. For more information on recent state laws dealing with age verification, see Fighting Online ID Mandates: 2024 In Review. For more information on how age verification laws are playing out around the world, see Global Age Verification Measures: 2024 in Review. 

 

MIT physicists and colleagues have for the first time measured the geometry, or shape, of electrons in solids at the quantum level. Scientists have long known how to measure the energies and velocities of electrons in crystalline materials, but until now, those systems’ quantum geometry could only be inferred theoretically, or sometimes not at all.

The work, reported in the Nov. 25 issue of Nature Physics, “opens new avenues for understanding and manipulating the quantum properties of materials,” says Riccardo Comin, MIT’s Class of 1947 Career Development Associate Professor of Physics and leader of the work.

“We’ve essentially developed a blueprint for obtaining some completely new information that couldn’t be obtained before,” says Comin, who is also affiliated with MIT’s Materials Research Laboratory and the Research Laboratory of Electronics.

The work could be applied to “any kind of quantum material, not just the one we worked with,” says Mingu Kang PhD ’23, first author of the Nature Physics paper who conducted the work as an MIT graduate student and who is now a Kavli Postdoctoral Fellow at Cornell University’s Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics. 

Kang was also invited to write an accompanying research briefing on the work, including its implications, for the Nov. 25 issue of Nature Physics.

A weird world

In the weird world of quantum physics, an electron can be described as both a point in space and a wave-like shape. At the heart of the current work is a fundamental object known as a wave function that describes the latter. “You can think of it like a surface in a three-dimensional space,” says Comin.

There are different types of wave functions, ranging from the simple to the complex. Think of a ball. That is analogous to a simple, or trivial, wave function. Now picture a Mobius strip, the kind of structure explored by M.C. Escher in his art. That’s analogous to a complex, or nontrivial, wave function. And the quantum world is filled with materials composed of the latter.

But until now, the quantum geometry of wave functions could only be inferred theoretically, or sometimes not at all. And the property is becoming more and more important as physicists find more and more quantum materials with potential applications in everything from quantum computers to advanced electronic and magnetic devices.

The MIT team solved the problem using a technique called angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, or ARPES. Comin, Kang, and some of the same colleagues had used the technique in other research. For example, in 2022 they reported discovering the “secret sauce” behind exotic properties of a new quantum material known as a kagome metal. That work, too, appeared in Nature Physics. In the current work, the team adapted ARPES to measure the quantum geometry of a kagome metal.

Close collaborations

Kang stresses that the new ability to measure the quantum geometry of materials “comes from the close cooperation between theorists and experimentalists.”

The Covid-19 pandemic, too, had an impact. Kang, who is from South Korea, was based in that country during the pandemic. “That facilitated a collaboration with theorists in South Korea,” says Kang, an experimentalist.

The pandemic also led to an unusual opportunity for Comin. He traveled to Italy to help run the ARPES experiments at the Italian Light Source Elettra, a national laboratory. The lab was closed during the pandemic, but was starting to reopen when Comin arrived. He found himself alone, however, when Kang tested positive for Covid and couldn’t join him. So he inadvertently ran the experiments himself with the support of local scientists. “As a professor, I lead projects, but students and postdocs actually carry out the work. So this is basically the last study where I actually contributed to the experiments themselves,” he says with a smile.

In addition to Kang and Comin, additional authors of the Nature Physics paper are Sunje Kim of Seoul National University (Kim is a co-first author with Kang); Paul M. Neves, a graduate student in the MIT Department of Physics; Linda Ye of Stanford University; Junseo Jung of Seoul National University; Denny Puntel of the University of Trieste; Federico Mazzola of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and Ca’ Foscari University of Venice; Shiang Fang of Google DeepMind; Chris Jozwiak, Aaron Bostwick, and Eli Rotenberg of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Jun Fuji and Ivana Vobornik of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Jae-Hoon Park of Max Planck POSTECH/Korea Research Initiative and Pohang University of Science and Technology; Joseph G. Checkelsky, associate professor of physics at MIT; and Bohm-Jung Yang of Seoul National University, who co-led the research project with Comin.

This work was funded by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the National Research Foundation of Korea, the Samsung Science and Technology Foundation, the U.S. Army Research Office, the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, the Heising-Simons Physics Research Fellow Program, the Tsinghua Education Foundation, the NFFA-MUR Italy Progetti Internazionali facility, the Samsung Foundation of Culture, and the Kavli Institute at Cornell.

Vijay Gadepally, a senior staff member at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, leads a number of projects at the Lincoln Laboratory Supercomputing Center (LLSC) to make computing platforms, and the artificial intelligence systems that run on them, more efficient. Here, Gadepally discusses the increasing use of generative AI in everyday tools, its hidden environmental impact, and some of the ways that Lincoln Laboratory and the greater AI community can reduce emissions for a greener future.

Q: What trends are you seeing in terms of how generative AI is being used in computing?

A: Generative AI uses machine learning (ML) to create new content, like images and text, based on data that is inputted into the ML system. At the LLSC we design and build some of the largest academic computing platforms in the world, and over the past few years we've seen an explosion in the number of projects that need access to high-performance computing for generative AI. We're also seeing how generative AI is changing all sorts of fields and domains — for example, ChatGPT is already influencing the classroom and the workplace faster than regulations can seem to keep up.

We can imagine all sorts of uses for generative AI within the next decade or so, like powering highly capable virtual assistants, developing new drugs and materials, and even improving our understanding of basic science. We can't predict everything that generative AI will be used for, but I can certainly say that with more and more complex algorithms, their compute, energy, and climate impact will continue to grow very quickly.

Q: What strategies is the LLSC using to mitigate this climate impact?

A: We're always looking for ways to make computing more efficient, as doing so helps our data center make the most of its resources and allows our scientific colleagues to push their fields forward in as efficient a manner as possible.

As one example, we've been reducing the amount of power our hardware consumes by making simple changes, similar to dimming or turning off lights when you leave a room. In one experiment, we reduced the energy consumption of a group of graphics processing units by 20 percent to 30 percent, with minimal impact on their performance, by enforcing a power cap. This technique also lowered the hardware operating temperatures, making the GPUs easier to cool and longer lasting.

Another strategy is changing our behavior to be more climate-aware. At home, some of us might choose to use renewable energy sources or intelligent scheduling. We are using similar techniques at the LLSC — such as training AI models when temperatures are cooler, or when local grid energy demand is low.

We also realized that a lot of the energy spent on computing is often wasted, like how a water leak increases your bill but without any benefits to your home. We developed some new techniques that allow us to monitor computing workloads as they are running and then terminate those that are unlikely to yield good results. Surprisingly, in a number of cases we found that the majority of computations could be terminated early without compromising the end result.

Q: What's an example of a project you've done that reduces the energy output of a generative AI program?

A: We recently built a climate-aware computer vision tool. Computer vision is a domain that's focused on applying AI to images; so, differentiating between cats and dogs in an image, correctly labeling objects within an image, or looking for components of interest within an image.

In our tool, we included real-time carbon telemetry, which produces information about how much carbon is being emitted by our local grid as a model is running. Depending on this information, our system will automatically switch to a more energy-efficient version of the model, which typically has fewer parameters, in times of high carbon intensity, or a much higher-fidelity version of the model in times of low carbon intensity.

By doing this, we saw a nearly 80 percent reduction in carbon emissions over a one- to two-day period. We recently extended this idea to other generative AI tasks such as text summarization and found the same results. Interestingly, the performance sometimes improved after using our technique!

Q: What can we do as consumers of generative AI to help mitigate its climate impact?

A: As consumers, we can ask our AI providers to offer greater transparency. For example, on Google Flights, I can see a variety of options that indicate a specific flight's carbon footprint. We should be getting similar kinds of measurements from generative AI tools so that we can make a conscious decision on which product or platform to use based on our priorities.

We can also make an effort to be more educated on generative AI emissions in general. Many of us are familiar with vehicle emissions, and it can help to talk about generative AI emissions in comparative terms. People may be surprised to know, for example, that one image-generation task is roughly equivalent to driving four miles in a gas car, or that it takes the same amount of energy to charge an electric car as it does to generate about 1,500 text summarizations.

There are many cases where customers would be happy to make a trade-off if they knew the trade-off's impact.

Q: What do you see for the future?

A: Mitigating the climate impact of generative AI is one of those problems that people all over the world are working on, and with a similar goal. We're doing a lot of work here at Lincoln Laboratory, but its only scratching at the surface. In the long term, data centers, AI developers, and energy grids will need to work together to provide "energy audits" to uncover other unique ways that we can improve computing efficiencies. We need more partnerships and more collaboration in order to forge ahead.

If you're interested in learning more, or collaborating with Lincoln Laboratory on these efforts, please contact Vijay Gadepally.

One supermassive black hole has kept astronomers glued to their scopes for the last several years. First came a surprise disappearance, and now, a precarious spinning act.

The black hole in question is 1ES 1927+654, which is about as massive as a million suns and sits in a galaxy that is 270 million light-years away. In 2018, astronomers at MIT and elsewhere observed that the black hole’s corona — a cloud of whirling, white-hot plasma — suddenly disappeared, before reassembling months later. The brief though dramatic shut-off was a first in black hole astronomy.

Members of the MIT team have now caught the same black hole exhibiting more unprecedented behavior.

The astronomers have detected flashes of X-rays coming from the black hole at a steadily increasing clip. Over a period of two years, the flashes, at millihertz frequencies, increased from every 18 minutes to every seven minutes. This dramatic speed-up in X-rays has not been seen from a black hole until now.

The researchers explored a number of scenarios for what might explain the flashes. They believe the most likely culprit is a spinning white dwarf — an extremely compact core of a dead star that is orbiting around the black hole and getting precariously closer to its event horizon, the boundary beyond which nothing can escape the black hole’s gravitational pull. If this is the case, the white dwarf must be pulling off an impressive balancing act, as it could be coming right up to the black hole’s edge without actually falling in.

“This would be the closest thing we know of around any black hole,” says Megan Masterson, a graduate student in physics at MIT, who co-led the discovery. “This tells us that objects like white dwarfs may be able to live very close to an event horizon for a relatively extended period of time.”

The researchers present their findings today at the 245th meeting of the American Astronomical Society.

If a white dwarf is at the root of the black hole’s mysterious flashing, it would also give off gravitational waves, in a range that would be detectable by next-generation observatories such as the European Space Agency's Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA).

“These new detectors are designed to detect oscillations on the scale of minutes, so this black hole system is in that sweet spot,” says co-author Erin Kara, associate professor of physics at MIT.

The study’s other co-authors include MIT Kavli members Christos Panagiotou, Joheen Chakraborty, Kevin Burdge, Riccardo Arcodia, Ronald Remillard, and Jingyi Wang, along with collaborators from multiple other institutions.

Nothing normal

Kara and Masterson were part of the team that observed 1ES 1927+654 in 2018, as the black hole’s corona went dark, then slowly rebuilt itself over time. For a while, the newly reformed corona — a cloud of highly energetic plasma and X-rays — was the brightest X-ray-emitting object in the sky.

“It was still extremely bright, though it wasn’t doing anything new for a couple years and was kind of gurgling along. But we felt we had to keep monitoring it because it was so beautiful,” Kara says. “Then we noticed something that has never really been seen before.”

In 2022, the team looked through observations of the black hole taken by the European Space Agency’s XMM-Newton, a space-based observatory that detects and measures X-ray emissions from black holes, neutron stars, galactic clusters, and other extreme cosmic sources. They noticed that X-rays from the black hole appeared to pulse with increasing frequency. Such “quasi-periodic oscillations” have only been observed in a handful of other supermassive black holes, where X-ray flashes appear with regular frequency.

In the case of 1ES 1927+654, the flickering seemed to steadily ramp up, from every 18 minutes to every seven minutes over the span of two years.

“We’ve never seen this dramatic variability in the rate at which it’s flashing,” Masterson says. “This looked absolutely nothing like a normal supermassive black hole.”

The fact that the flashing was detected in the X-ray band points to the strong possibility that the source is somewhere very close to the black hole. The innermost regions of a black hole are extremely high-energy environments, where X-rays are produced by fast-moving, hot plasma. X-rays are less likely to be seen at farther distances, where gas can circle more slowly in an accretion disk. The cooler environment of the disk can emit optical and ultraviolet light, but rarely gives off X-rays.

“Seeing something in the X-rays is already telling you you’re pretty close to the black hole,” Kara says. “When you see variability on the timescale of minutes, that’s close to the event horizon, and the first thing your mind goes to is circular motion, and whether something could be orbiting around the black hole.”

X-ray kick-up

Whatever was producing the X-ray flashes was doing so at an extremely close distance from the black hole, which the researchers estimate to be within a few million miles of the event horizon.

Masterson and Kara explored models for various astrophysical phenomena that could explain the X-ray patterns that they observed, including a possibility relating to the black hole’s corona.

“One idea is that this corona is oscillating, maybe blobbing back and forth, and if it starts to shrink, those oscillations get faster as the scales get smaller,” Masterson says. “But we’re in the very early stages of understanding coronal oscillations.”

Another promising scenario, and one that scientists have a better grasp on in terms of the physics involved, has to do with a daredevil of a white dwarf. According to their modeling, the researchers estimate the white dwarf could have been about one-tenth the mass of the sun. In contrast, the supermassive black hole itself is on the order of 1 million solar masses.

When any object gets this close to a supermassive black hole, gravitational waves are expected to be emitted, dragging the object closer to the black hole. As it circles closer, the white dwarf moves at a faster rate, which can explain the increasing frequency of X-ray oscillations that the team observed.

The white dwarf is practically at the precipice of no return and is estimated to be just a few million miles from the event horizon. However, the researchers predict that the star will not fall in. While the black hole’s gravity may pull the white dwarf inward, the star is also shedding part of its outer layer into the black hole. This shedding acts as a small kick-back, such that the white dwarf — an incredibly compact object itself — can resist crossing the black hole’s boundary.

“Because white dwarfs are small and compact, they’re very difficult to shred apart, so they can be very close to a black hole,” Kara says. “If this scenario is correct, this white dwarf is right at the turn around point, and we may see it get further away.”

The team plans to continue observing the system, with existing and future telescopes, to better understand the extreme physics at work in a black hole’s innermost environments. They are particularly excited to study the system once the space-based gravitational-wave detector LISA launches — currently planned for the mid 2030s — as the gravitational waves that the system should give off will be in a sweet spot that LISA can clearly detect.

“The one thing I’ve learned with this source is to never stop looking at it because it will probably teach us something new,” Masterson says. “The next step is just to keep our eyes open.”

Not sure this will matter in the end, but it’s a positive move:

Microsoft is accusing three individuals of running a “hacking-as-a-service” scheme that was designed to allow the creation of harmful and illicit content using the company’s platform for AI-generated content.

The foreign-based defendants developed tools specifically designed to bypass safety guardrails Microsoft has erected to prevent the creation of harmful content through its generative AI services, said Steven Masada, the assistant general counsel for Microsoft’s Digital Crimes Unit. They then compromised the legitimate accounts of paying customers. They combined those two things to create a fee-based platform people could use...

"I think that, hopefully, the second Trump administration will indeed take this more seriously'' than in Trump's first term, Biden's top climate adviser said.

Wildfires are storming into urban areas more frequently, and toxins in homes and cars are increasing cancer risk for firefighters.

One move would replace the White House Office of Domestic Climate Policy with a group charged with increasing energy production.